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EC number: 911-593-9 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 17 - 20 Jan 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2016
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Staatliches Gewerbeaufsichtsamt, Hildesheim, Germany
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: all concentrations and control
- Sampling method: at test start and test end; seperate replicates were prepared for analytical sampling
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: at 6 ± 2 °C until sample preparation and at room temperature until the start of the analysis - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: preparation of seven test solutions with dilution water by adding an appropriate amount of the test item and stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature
- Controls: yes - Test organisms (species):
- Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green alga
- Strain: SAG 61.81
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): a 4 days old pre-culture, prepared in dilution water, was used as inoculum
- Method of cultivation: stocks prepared on nutrient medium Z-Agar according to Lüttge et al., 1994 [Lüttge, U, Schnepf, E., Läuchli, A., Nagata, T. (editors, 1994): Botanica Acta, Journal of the German Botanical Society, No. 3 Volume 107 page 111-186 (June 1994), Thieme- Verlag]. Light intensity was 35-70 µE x m^-2 x s^-1 for 24 hours per day. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 22.0 - 23.0 °C (mean 22.5 °C)
- pH:
- 7.59 - 8.84 (Control)
7.47 - 8.65 - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0.100, 0.316, 1.00, 3.16, 10.0, 31.6 and 100 mg/L.
0.0262, 0.245, 0.701, 1.63, 7.37, 18.5 and 73.6 mg/L (based on geometric mean measured concentrations) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: sterile headspace flasks, with aluminium tops with PTFE seals
- Type: closed
- Headspace, fill volume: no headspace, 59 mL volume
- Initial cells density: nominal: approx. 5 x 10E+03 - 10E+04 cells/mL, current: 6305 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: yes, 399535 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3 replicates
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6 replicates
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, according to guideline
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: according to guideline
- Culture medium different from test medium: yes, nutrient medium Z according to Lüttge et al. (1994)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 24 h/day light
- Light intensity and quality: 4728 to 6070 lux, fluorescent tubes, cool daylight, homogeneity within ± 15% over incubation area
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Determination of cell concentrations: fluorometer, microscope
- Chlorophyll measurement: daily Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurement (excitation at 436 nm, emission at 685 nm)
- Other: microscopic evaluation of the cells at the start and the end of the exposure time (shape, colour, chloroplast morphology, flocculation, agglutination)
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: non-GLP, closed system without headspace
- Test concentrations: nominal: 1, 10, 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: % growth rate inhibition 9, 19, 100 respective to the nominal conentrations 1.0, 10.0 and 100 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 21.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % Confidence intervals
- Remarks:
- 18.6 - 44.9 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 16.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % Confidence intervals
- Remarks:
- 8.37 - 18.5 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 7.37 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 18.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % Confidence intervals
- Remarks:
- 7.70 - 43.0 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 16.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % Confidence intervals
- Remarks:
- <0.0262 - 42.1 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 7.37 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control: yes, >= 16-fold corresponding to a specific growth rate of 1.38 per day
- Observation of abnormalities: no
- Unusual cell shape: no - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid: yes
- ErC50: with headspace 0.435 (95% confidence interval 0.414 - 0.458), without headspace 0.811 (95% confidence interval 0.763 - 0.883) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC10-, EC20- and EC50-values with confidence intervals of growth rate and yield inhibition after 72 hours were calculated by sigmoidal dose-response regression. The NOEC and LOEC were determined by calculation of statistically significant differences of growth rates and yield.
As a standard, One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett’s test were used for NOEC/LOEC calculations. When running a One Way Analysis of Variance, a Normality test and an Equal Variance test were done first. P-values for both Normality and Equal Variance tests are 0.05. The a-value (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that there is a difference) is a=0.05. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The substance was found to inhibit the growth rate of the freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata after 72 h of exposure. The test was conducted according to the OECD guideline 201 (GLP). ErC10- and ErC50-value were found to be 16.1 mg/L and 21.3 mg/L, respectively.
Reference
Analtiyical Results:
Table 1: Measured concentrations and percentage of the nominal concentration and geometric mean of the test item in fresh medium (0 hours) and old medium (72 hours) with algae
Sampling date |
2017-01-17 0 h fresh medium |
2017-01-20 72 h old medium |
Geometric Mean |
||
Start of analysis |
2017-01-17 |
2017-01-20 |
|
||
Nominal test item concentration [mg/L] |
Meas. conc. [mg/L] |
[%] |
Meas. conc. [mg/L] |
[%] |
[mg/L] |
100 |
92.5 |
92 |
58.6 |
59 |
73.6 |
31.6 |
29.3 |
93 |
11.7 |
37 |
18.5 |
10.0 |
9.42 |
94 |
5.77 |
58 |
7.37 |
3.16 |
3.01 |
95 |
0.879 |
28 |
1.63 |
1.00 |
0.939 |
94 |
0.524 |
52 |
0.701 |
0.316 |
0.302 |
96 |
0.199 |
63 |
0.245 |
0.100 |
0.0927 2) |
93 |
0.00740 1) |
7 |
0.0262 |
Control |
|
< LOQ |
|
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
Meas. Conc. = Measured concentration of the test item (enrichment and dilution factor taken into account)
% = Percentage of the nominal concentration of the test item
LOQ = Limit of quantification (10 µg test item /L)
1) = value <LOQ but > LOD, therefore taken into account for geometric mean
2) = Reanalysed on 2017-01-19
Biological Results:
Table 2: Evaluation after 72 hours
Geometric mean measured test item concentration [mg/L] |
Replicate No |
Growth rate [d-1] |
Inhibition of growth rate [%] |
Control |
1 |
1.41 |
|
|
2 |
1.37 |
|
|
3 |
1.36 |
|
|
4 |
1.39 |
|
|
5 |
1.40 |
|
|
6 |
1.37 |
|
|
Mean |
1.38 |
|
0.0262 |
1 |
1.38 |
0 |
|
2 |
1.39 |
-1 |
|
3 |
1.25 |
10 |
|
mean |
1.34 |
3 |
0.245 |
1 |
1.37 |
1 |
|
2 |
1.37 |
1 |
|
3 |
1.36 |
2 |
|
mean |
1.37 |
1 |
0.701 |
1 |
1.35 |
3 |
|
2 |
1.38 |
1 |
|
3 |
1.31 |
5 |
|
mean |
1.34 |
3 |
1.63 |
1 |
1.36 |
2 |
|
2 |
1.38 |
0 |
|
3 |
1.36 |
2 |
|
mean |
1.37 |
1 |
7.37 |
1 |
1.40 |
-2 |
|
2 |
1.36 |
2 |
|
3 |
1.36 |
1 |
|
mean |
1.38 |
1 |
18.5 |
1 |
1.08 |
22 |
|
2 |
1.06 |
24 |
|
3 |
1.01 |
27 |
|
mean |
1.05 |
24 |
73.6 |
1 |
n.a. |
100 |
|
2 |
n.a. |
100 |
|
3 |
n.a. |
100 |
|
mean |
n.a. |
100 |
n.a. = not applicable
Description of key information
ErC50 (72h) = 21.3 mg/L (geometric mean measured, OECD 201, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
ErC10 (72h) = 16.1 mg/L (geometric mean measured, OECD 201, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 21.3 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 16.1 mg/L
Additional information
One study is available, in which the toxicity to freshwater algae was investigated according to OECD guideline 201 and GLP. In a static test system, the test organism Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was exposed to five nominal concentration of 0.100, 0.316, 1.0, 3.16, 10.0, 31.6 and 100 mg/L corresponding to geometric mean measured concentrations of 0.0262, 0.245, 0.701, 1.63, 7.37, 18.5 and 73.6 mg/L. The concentrations of the test item in all test concentrations and the control were analytically verified. The measured concentrations in the fresh media (0 h) were in the range of 92 to 96% of the nominal values at all tested concentration levels. The measured concentrations in the old media (72 h) were in the range of 7 to 63% of the nominal values of all concentrations. Therefore, all effect values given are based on the geometric mean measured test item concentrations. The EC50 values with 95% confidence intervals for inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were 21.3 (18.6 - 44.9) mg/L and 18.1 (7.70 - 43.0) mg/L, respectively. The EC10 values were 16.1 (8.37 - 18.5) mg/L for growth rate and 16.4 (<0.0262 - 42.1 mg/L) mg/L for yield.
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