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EC number: 619-127-3 | CAS number: 95418-58-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2008
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- March 23, 2006
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: all test concentrations and the control.
- Frequency: 0 h - 24 h - 72 h
- Sampling method:
Sampling vessels were pre-incubated with the respective test solutions before sampling. In addition, the glass wool used for preparation of the WSF was retained for possible analysis. At the end of the exposure period, the replicates with algae were pooled at each concentration before sampling.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: samples were stored in a freezer until analysis. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: butoxystyrene was not completely soluble in test medium at the loading rate prepared. Preparation of test solutions started with a loading rate of 100 mg/l applying 24 hours of magnetic stirring in order to obtain maximum solubility of the test substance. Afterwards, the mixture was poured over glass wool to discard any undissolved material. The clear and colourless Water Soluble Fraction (WSF) was used for testing, together with several dilutions in OECD 201 (M2)-medium.
- Controls: test medium without test substance or other additives.
- Evidence of undissolved material: the mixture was poured over glass wool to discard any undissolved material. - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: NIVA CHL 1
- Source: in-house laboratory culture.
- Method of cultivation: stock cultures were started by inoculating growth (M1) medium with algal cells from a pure culture on agar. The suspensions were continuously aerated and exposed to light in a climate room at a temperature of 21-24°C and light intensity of 60 to 120 µE/m2/s when measured in the photosynthetically effective wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm.
- Acclimation period: 3 to 4 days before the start of the test, cells from the algal stock culture were inoculated in OECD 201 (M2)-medium at a cell density of 10000 cells/ml. The pre-culture was maintained under the same conditions as used in the test. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- 24 mg/l as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 21-22 °C
- pH:
- 8.0-8.4
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- The average exposure concentrations were calculated to be 0.087, 0.70, 1.2, 1.6 and 4.8 mg/l at 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100% of the WSF prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/l.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 ml, all-glass, containing 50 ml of test solution
- Initial cells density: 10000 cells/ml
- Control end cells density: 186 x 10^4 cells/ml
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3 of each test concentration + 1 extra for all test concentrations for sampling purposes.
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6 + 1 extra for sampling purposes.
In addition, 2 replicates of the highest test concentration without algae.
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Growth (M1) medium, according to NPR 6505, was formulated using Milli-RO water with the following composition:
NaNO3 500 mg/l
K2HPO4 40 mg/l
MgSO4.7H2O 76 mg/l
Na2CO3.10H2O 54 mg/l
C6H8O7.H2O 6 mg/l
NH4NO3 330 mg/l
CaCl2.H2O 36 mg/l
C6H5FeO7.xH2O 6 mg/l
H3BO3 2.9 mg/l
MnCl2.4H2O 1.81 mg/l
ZnCl2 0.11 mg/l
CuSO4.5H2O 0.08 mg/l
(NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O 0.018 mg/l
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Culture (M2) medium according to OECD 201, formulated using Milli-Q water.
- Culture medium different from test medium: no.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: continuously
- Light intensity and quality: TLD-lamps "cool-white" of 30 Watt with a light intensity within the range of 78 to 82 µE/m^-2.s^-1.
- Incubation: vessels were distributed at random in the incubator and the algal cells were kept in suspension by continuous shaking
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Determination of cell concentrations:
At the beginning of the test, cells were counted using a microscope and a counting chamber. Thereafter cell densities were determined by spectrophotometric measurement of samples at 720 nm using a Varian Cary 50 single beam spectrophotometer with immersion probe (path length = 20 mm). Algal medium was used as blank.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test concentrations: 0.087, 0.70, 1.2, 1.6, 4.8 mg/l
- Range finding study: Three replicates per concentration were exposed to 0.1, 1.0 and 10% of the WSF prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/l. Inadvertently, no algae were added to the test group containing 10% of the WSF. Therefore, this concentration was omitted from further discussion.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: The expected EC50 for growth rate reduction was above 1.5 mg/l. The expected EC50 for yield inhibition was between 0.15-0.48 and 1.5 mg/l. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CI ranging from 1.1 to 4.0 mg/l
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 4.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes.
- ErC50 0-72h: 1.8 mg/l with a 95% CI ranging from 1.3-2.6 mg/l
- EyC50 0-72h: 0.79 mg/l with a 95% CI ranging from 0.51-1.2 mg/l - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Executive summary:
A fresh water algal growth inhibition test was performed with butoxystyrene. Based on the results of a preceding combined limit/range-finding test a final test was performed. Preparation of test solutions started with a loading rate of 100 mg/l applying 24 hours of magnetic stirring in order to obtain maximum solubility of the test substance. Afterwards, the mixture was poured over glass wool to discard any undissolved material. The clear and colourless Water Soluble Fraction (WSF) was used for testing, together with several dilutions in M2-medium. One hour before the test was started, a part of each test solution was used for pre-incubation of the respective test vessels.
Exponentially grown algal cultures were exposed to a control group and to 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100% of the WSF prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/l. The initial cell density was 104 cells/ml and the total test period was 72 hours. Samples for analytical confirmation of actual test concentrations were taken at the start, after 24 hours of exposure and at the end of the test. The average exposure concentrations were calculated to be 0.087, 0.70, 1.2, 1.6, 4.8 mg/l.
The study met the acceptability criteria prescribed by the protocol and was considered valid.
Butoxystyrene reduced growth rate and inhibited the yield of this fresh water algae species significantly at average exposure concentrations of 1.6 and 1.2 mg/l, respectively.
The EC50 for growth rate reduction (ERC50: 0-72h) was beyond 4.8 mg/l. The EC50 for yield inhibition (EYC50: 0-72h) was 2.1 mg/l. The NOEC for growth rate reduction was 1.2 mg/l and the NOEC for yield inhibition was 0.70 mg/l.
Reference
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 4.8 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 1.2 mg/L
Additional information
A GLP-compliant fresh water algal growth inhibition study was performed with butoxystyrene according to OECD201.
Exponentially grown algal cultures of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were exposed to a control group and to 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100% of Water Soluble Fraction prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/l. The initial cell density was 104 cells/ml and the total test period was 72 hours. Samples for analytical confirmation of actual test concentrations were taken at the start, after 24 hours of exposure and at the end of the test. The average exposure concentrations were calculated to be 0.087, 0.70, 1.2, 1.6 and 4.8 mg/l.
The 72h EyC50 was 2.1 mg/l and the NOEC for yield inhibition was 0.70 mg/l. The 72h ErC50 was beyond 4.8 mg/l and the NOEC for growth rate reduction was 1.2 mg/l.
The preferred observational endpoint in this study is algal growth inhibition because it is not dependent on test design, whereas yield depends both on growth rate of the test species as well as test duration and other elements of test design.
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