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EC number: 292-605-3 | CAS number: 90640-84-9 A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by the distillation of coal tar and boiling in the range of approximately 240°C to 280°C (464°F to 536°F). Composed primarily of acenaphthene, naphthalene and alkyl naphthalene.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
No acute toxicity after single oral, dermal and inhalational administration to rats, based on experimental data on wash oil itself, single components, and structure-analogous compounds.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 19 Aug. - 03 Sep. 2002
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 24.2.1987
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- yes
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: TOP VELAZ s.r.o., Koleč subsidiary
- Age at study initiation: 6 - 7 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: males: 193 g (range: 170 - 208 g) / females: 157 g (range: 150 - 165 g)
- Fasting period before study: ~20 h before treatment
- Housing: conventional, 5 per sex
- Diet: from 30 min post-application
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: >= 5 d
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 19 - 25
- Humidity (%): 30 - 70
- Air changes (per hr):
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 / 12
IN-LIFE DATES: From: To: - Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Doses:
- 2000 mg/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: 2x/d (day 1 and 2), then 1x/d
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight - Statistics:
- not applicable
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 2 000 mg/kg bw
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD0
- Effect level:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw
- Mortality:
- none
- Clinical signs:
- other: Hunched, lateral or prone posture, apathy, inappetence, cyanotic or pale skin and ischemic mucous membranes recovery within 2 d
- Gross pathology:
- Changes in the lung, more pronounced in female rats: focal emphysema, point-shaped dark-red foci
(indicating to vascular disorder expressed by ischemia peripheric tissues and organs (see lung) probably following a shock-like response).
Reference
Table 1: Male body weights (g) – 2000 mg/kg
Animal No. |
Before administration |
Day 8 |
Day 15 |
Increment |
1 |
203.7 |
240.9 |
259.8 |
56.1 |
2 |
186.8 |
214.9 |
237.3 |
50.5 |
3 |
195.5 |
222.8 |
245.7 |
50.2 |
4 |
170.1 |
199.8 |
228.8 |
58.7 |
5 |
207.8 |
238.6 |
267.9 |
60.1 |
Average |
192.8 |
223.4 |
247.9 |
55.1 |
Table 2: Female body weights (g) – 2000 mg/kg
Animal No. |
Before administration |
Day 8 |
Day 15 |
Increment |
1 |
156.3 |
173 |
188.3 |
27 |
2 |
150.4 |
171 |
175.3 |
24.9 |
3 |
158.3 |
172 |
183.1 |
24.8 |
4 |
164.9 |
189 |
205.6 |
40.7 |
5 |
153.2 |
168 |
182.9 |
29.7 |
Average |
156.6 |
174 |
187 |
29.4 |
Table 3: Pathological examination of the male and female rats – 2000 mg/kg
Animal No. |
Autopsy finding |
|
males |
females |
|
1 |
No macroscopic changes |
Lungs – dark-red dot-like foci |
2 |
Lungs – emphysematous foci |
Lungs – emphysematous foci |
3 |
Lungs – dark-red dot-like foci |
Lungs – dark-red dot-like foci |
4 |
No macroscopic changes |
Lungs – dark-red dot-like foci |
5 |
No macroscopic changes |
Lungs – dark-red dot-like foci |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- discriminating dose
- Value:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Comparable to guideline study, limited documentation, acceptable for assessment of sub-lethal effects
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- : male animals only, no post-exposure observation, lethal doses not technically attainable, additional testing (neurotoxic effects)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The focus of the study was laid on test substance induced depression of CNS functions, thus allowing for the evaluation of sub-lethal effects.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Strain: IMP: DAK outbred stock
- Weight at study initiation: 250 - 300 g
- Housing: wire-mesh stainles steel cages
- Diet: ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 1 week, used within 4 weeks after arrival
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 - 25
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 / 12 - Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- clean air
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: dynamic inhalation chamber
- Exposure chamber volume: 0.25 m3
- Air change 12 - 15x
- Method of holding animals in test chamber:
- Source and rate of air:
- Method of conditioning air:
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: Vapours were generated by heating the solvent in a washer to 85 °C.
- Method of particle size determination: none
- Treatment of exhaust air:
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber:
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used:
- Samples taken from breathing zone: yes/no
VEHICLE
- Composition of vehicle (if applicable):
- Concentration of test material in vehicle (if applicable):
- Justification of choice of vehicle:
- Lot/batch no. (if required):
- Purity:
TEST ATMOSPHERE (if not tabulated)
- Particle size distribution:
- MMAD (Mass median aerodynamic diameter) / GSD (Geometric st. dev.):
CLASS METHOD (if applicable)
- Rationale for the selection of the starting concentration: - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- GC FID, every 30 min
- Duration of exposure:
- 4 h
- Concentrations:
- nominal: 150 - 500 mg/m3
1-MN - mean analytical concentrations: 152, 253, and 407 mg/m3 (the latter maximally attainable)
2-MN - mean analytical concentrations: 229, 325, and 522 mg/m3 (the latter maximally attainable) - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10 - 20
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: < 2 d
- Frequency of observations and weighing:
- Necropsy of survivors performed: no
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, behaviour, pain tolerance - Statistics:
- Kruskal-Wallis test for evaluating the decrease in the sensitivity to pain.
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect level:
- > 404 mg/m³ air (analytical)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- 1-MN
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: concentration maximally attainable
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect level:
- > 522 mg/m³ air (analytical)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- 2-MN
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: concentration maximally attainable
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOAEC (pain sensitivity)
- Effect level:
- 152 mg/m³ air (analytical)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- 1-MN
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: Test for central-nervous effects
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOEC (pain sensitivity)
- Effect level:
- 229 mg/m³ air (analytical)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- 2-MN
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: Test for central-nervous effects
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOAEC (balance reflexes)
- Effect level:
- 404 mg/m³ air (analytical)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- 1-MN
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: Test for central-nervous effects
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOAEC (balance reflexes)
- Effect level:
- 522 mg/m³ air (analytical)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- 2-MN
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: Test for central-nervous effects
- Mortality:
- none
- Clinical signs:
- other: no details
- Body weight:
- not applicable
- Gross pathology:
- not performed
- Other findings:
- Other observations:
1. Rotarod test (according to Kaplan and Murphy 1972):
No statistically significant influence on performance,
but 1/10 animals of the high-dose 2-MN group failed. (n = 10 per group)
2. Pain tolerance test (hot plate):
A statistically significant concentration-related influence on the paw-lick response was observed (see below).
- Interpretation of results:
- other: not classifiable
- Executive summary:
1 -Methyl- and 2 -methylnaphthalene vapours were not lethal to rats exposed for 4 h to concentrations that were maximally attainable (407 and 522 mg/m3, respectively). They produced significant CNS depression shown by concentration-related decrease in the pain tolerance. The NOAECs for this sublethal effect were approx. 150 and 200 mg/m3 for 1 -MN and 2 -MN, respectively.
No significant but only slight impairment of the trained rotarod performance was observed with 1 of 10 failures in the high-dose 2 -MN group.
Reference
Latency of the paw-lick response (hot-plate behaviour) in rats exposed to 1- or 2 -Methylnaphthalene, respectively
(Report, Table 3 and 4):
Group [mg/m3] |
Animal number |
Latency of response [sec] |
Mean decrease in pain sensitivity [%] # |
1-Methylnaphthalene |
|||
Control |
50 |
10.2 ±2.3 |
0 |
152 |
10 |
12.8 ±2.9 |
4.8 |
253 |
20 |
24.8 ±15.9 * |
29 |
407 |
20 |
36.1 ±18.6 * |
51.8 |
2- Methylnaphthalene |
|||
Control |
20 |
10.5 ±2.6 |
0 |
229 |
10 |
13.9 ±3.3 |
6.8 |
352 |
10 |
25.7 ±6.3 * |
30.7 |
525 |
20 |
33.3 ±19.9* |
46.0 |
* Statistically significant difference from control: p =< 0.001
# Latency elongation to 60 sec over the control was taken as 100 % decrease in pain sensitivity
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- yes
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Iffa Crédo, 69210 L´Arbresle, France
- Age at study initiation: approx. 8 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: males: 258 ±11grams, females: 222 ±5 grams
- Fasting period before study: none
- Housing: polycarbonte cage, 1 animal per cage
- Diet: ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: >= 5 d
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 +-3
- Humidity (%): 50 +-20
- Air changes (per hr): approx. 13
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 / 12
- Type of coverage:
- semiocclusive
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on dermal exposure:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: 30 - 35 cm2
- % coverage: about 10 % of the animals´ total surface.
- Type of wrap if used: gauze and bandage semiocclusive
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 1.91 ml/kg bw - Duration of exposure:
- 24 h
- Doses:
- 2000 mg/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: day 0, 5, 8, and 15
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight - Statistics:
- not applicable
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD0
- Effect level:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 2 000 mg/kg bw
- Mortality:
- none
- Clinical signs:
- other: No particular findings
- Gross pathology:
- No local reactions at the site of application / No abnormalities observed following macroscopic examination of organs
- Other findings:
- none
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- discriminating dose
- Value:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw
Additional information
For creosote oil, acenaphthene fraction (wash oil) itself, only data on oral acute toxicity are available. In addition, oral acute toxicity was also tested with naphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene. For inhalation exposure, data on 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene were identified. Dermal acute toxicity is covered by data originating from a study with the closely related tar oil creosote.
Naphthalene and methylnaphthalenes are major constituents amounting to about 40% of total wash oil (typical concentration). Due to their relatively high vapour pressure, they are well suited to represent the inhalation acute toxicity of wash oil. Creosote is closely related to wash oil with major constituent the same as in wash oil. Small differences exist for the concentration of methylnaphthalenes (somewhat lower) and of phenanthrene to fluoranthene (somewhat higher) due to a slightly different distillation range (200 to 355°C for creosote compared to 210 to 300°C for wash oil).
The acute toxicity tests did not show any relevant toxicity. Wash oil itself showed no acute toxicity after single oral administration to rats: LD50 > 2000 mg/kg bw. LD50 values for naphthalene (> 2000 mg/kg bw) and 2-methylnaphthalene (3710 mg/kg bw) confirm the low acute oral toxicity demonstrated for wash oil itself.
No lethal exposure concentration could be attained on inhalation exposure of rats to 1- and 2 -methylnaphthalene, major components in wash oil. Maximum achievable concentrations in the study (404 and 522 mg/m³ for 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene) correlate well with the saturated vapour concentration (404 and 522 mg/m³) calculated based on vapour pressure of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene (7.2 and 9.1 Pa, respectively).
Creosote failed to produce sub-lethal and lethal effects in rats receiving the maximum dermal dose of 2000 mg/kg bw.
Justification for selection of acute toxicity – oral endpoint
Study with wash oil (creosote oil, acenaphthene fraction - CAS no. 90640-84-9)
Justification for selection of acute toxicity – inhalation endpoint
Study with focus on sub-lethal effects (related to 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene, two major wash oil constituents), no lethal effects observed up to the maximal achievable air concentration (similar to saturated vapour concentration)
Justification for selection of acute toxicity – dermal endpoint
Study with structure-related tar oil creosote (CAS no. 8001-58-9)
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on experimental evidence, no classification required (LD50 values clearly above classification criteria). For inhalation exposure, no lethality was observed at the maximum obtainable vapour concentration of two of the most volatile constituents of wash oil with an acute toxicity estimated to be representative of total wash oil.
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