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EC number: 241-007-0 | CAS number: 16940-92-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 16 Dec 2019 - 11 May 2020
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 28 July 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Ir content: 41.43%
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Test substance was analysed in samples of freshly prepared test solutions and controls prior to filling it into the test vessels.
After 72-hours, samples were taken from representative replicates per treatment level and control.
All samples were stabilised by acidification and stored at 4 ± 3 °C until further analysis - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- An amount of 100.1mg of the test item was transferred into a sterile glass flask filled up to the 1L with growth medium (sterile) to obtain a stock solution. The test media was stirred for 24 hours at room temperature (about 20°C). Since there was undissolved test item after 24 hours, the test media was ultrasonicated for 30 minutes followed by stirring of the test media for further 30 minutes. Afterwards, the test media was filtered through a 0.22 µm polyethersulfone filter. The stock solution then was diluted with sterile growth medium to obtain the highest test concentration. The other test concentrations were prepared by serial dilution.
For the control growth medium without test item was used. - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- Species: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Chlorophycea, Chlorophyta.
Origin: SAG, Culture Collection of Algae at Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut of the University at Göttingen, Albrecht von Haller Institut, Untere Klarspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen.
Strain number: Catalog No 61.81 SAG.
Cultivation: The stock cultures were maintained fulfilling the criteria of the OECD guide-line (culture medium recommended by Bringmann und Kühn (1980) [6]). Prior to testing a pre-culture was established in OECD growth medium (as described below) to obtain exponentially-growing algae for the test. The culture duration of the pre-cultures was 3 days.
cell numbers: cell concentrations were determined in the inoculum culture prior to the addition to the test vessels at test start and after 24, 48 and 72 h in the test cultures.
The cell density was measured using an electronic particle counter (CASY TT, OMNI Life Science GmbH & Co. KG, Bremen, Germany). - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Remarks:
- sterilised synthetic growth medium (OECD medium) according to OECD 201
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 22.0°C during the test
- pH:
- pH of controls: increased during the test from 7.13 at test start to a mean value (n = 8) of 7.94 at test end
pH of treatments: initial pH in the treatments ranged from 7.10 to 7.23 and the mean pH value was between 7.94 and 8.03 at the end of the test - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test concentrations: control, 0.050, 0.158, 0.501, 1.58 and 5.00 mg test item/L (corresponding to control, 0.021, 0.066, 0.207, 0.656, 2.07 mg Ir/L)
At test initiation: measured concentrations wereAt test termination: measured concentrations were Measured concentrations were within a range of 80 – 120% of the nominal concentrations, and the evaluation of biological results was based on the nominal concentrations. - Details on test conditions:
- light intensity: OSRAM Standard “cool white”, 60 - 120 µE m-2 s-1 (4440 - 8880 lux), light intensity as measured daily using a cosine (2 π) receptor (LI-250A, LI-COR) in µE m-2 s-1 at level of the test media surface and at different positions in the incubation chamber. measured value: 93.75 to 96.96 µE m-2 s-1
During the course of the test all test vessels were kept on a laboratory shaker (Incubation Shaker Multitron®, INFORS Typ HT, Switzerland) shaking continuously at 150 rpm. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-dichlorophenol
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 1.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Remarks:
- measured equals 80-120% of nominal
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- 95% CI 1.04-1.71
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 3.28 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Remarks:
- measured is 80-120%of nominal
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- 95%CI 2.89-3.7
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.32 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Details on results:
- A concentration-dependent inhibiting effect on the growth of the freshwater green algae was observed over the range of the tested concentrations.
Microscopic examinations were performed to verify a normal and healthy appearance of the inoculum culture and to detect any abnormal appearance of the algae (as may be caused by the exposure to the test substance) at the end of the test. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Sensitivity of the test organism is routinely checked using 3,5-dichlorophenol as primary standard following internal SOPs in a non-GLP test twice a year. The latest (March 2020) ErC50 value of 2.92 mg/L (nominal; 95% confidence limits: 2.64 – 3.24 mg/L) is in good agreement with the results of an international ring test with an ErC50 of 3.38 ± 1.30 mg/L.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Four replicates of each test concentration and eight replicates for the control were prepared.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- cell number in control cultures increased by a factor of 93.7, mean of replicate CV % in controls was 19.5 %, coefficient of variation of average specific growth rate at test end in replicate control cultures was 4.5 %
- Conclusions:
- The 72-hour toxicity of diammonium hexachloroiridate to the unicellular green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata was determined in a static system (OECD 201). The 72-hour ErC50 for the inhibition of growth rate was determined to be at 3.28 mg test item/L. The ErC10 was determined to be at 1.40 mg test item/L.
- Executive summary:
A study was performed to determine the toxicity of Diammonium hexachloroiridate on the growth of the unicellular freshwater green algaRaphidocelis subcapitata.
Exponentially-growing cultures of the green alga were exposed to five concentrations of the test item plus a control over several generations under defined conditions for 72 hours according to the OECD guideline 201.
The nominal test concentrations were prepared with sterile growth medium under sterile conditions. For the examination of the inhibition of alga growth, eight replicates of the control (test medium only) and four replicates of each treatment were tested at the following nominal concentrations: 0.050, 0.158, 0.501, 1.58 and 5.00 mg test item/L, equivalent to 0.021, 0.066, 0.207, 0.656 and 2.07 mg Ir/L (factor: 3.16).
The concentrations of test test item in the media were confirmed by ICP-OES measurements of iridium at test initiation and test termination. The LOQ was at 0.0035 mg Ir/L.
At test initiation, the measured concentrations ranged from 95.9 to 105% of nominal concentrations and therefore were within a range of 80 to 120% of the nominal concentrations. The measured concentrations did remain stable within ± 20% throughout the test period of 72 hours (% of initial: 85.7 to 99.6%; % of nominal: 89.4 to 95.5%). Therefore, the evaluation of biological results was based on the nominal test item concentrations.
A concentration-dependent inhibiting effect on the growth of the freshwater green algae was observed over the range of the tested concentrations.
The respective 72-hour ErC50for the inhibition of growth rate was determined to be at 3.28 mg test item/L and the ErC10at 1.40 mg test item/L. The NOEC for growth rate was at 0.50 mg test item/L. For yield, an EyC50of 1.32 mg test item/L was determined. The EC10values for yield was at 0.30 mg test item/L and the NOEC was at 0.16 mg test item/L.
Reference
Description of key information
The 72-hour ErC50 and ErC50 for the inhibition of growth rate was determined to be at 3.28 mg test item/L and 1.40 mg test item/L, respectively.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 3.28 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 1.4 mg/L
Additional information
The 72-hour toxicity of diammonium hexachloroiridate to the unicellular green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata was determined in a static system (OECD 201). The 72-hour ErC50 for the inhibition of growth rate was determined to be at 3.28 mg test item/L. The ErC10 was determined to be at 1.40 mg test item/L.
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