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EC number: 203-604-4 | CAS number: 108-67-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-GLP, non-guideline human experimental study, published in peer reviewed literature, no restrictions, fully adequate for assessment.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Biological monitoring for trimethylbenzene exposure: A human volunteer study and a practical example in the workplace
- Author:
- Jones K, Meldrum M, Baird E, Cottrell S, Kaur P, Plant N, Dyne D and Cocker J
- Year:
- 2 006
- Bibliographic source:
- Ann. Occup. Hyg., 6, 593-598
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- study with volunteers
- Endpoint addressed:
- basic toxicokinetics
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Inhalation study in human volunteers. 3,5-dimethyl benzoic acid (DMBA) and its glycine conjugate were determined in urine; blood and exhaled air were analysed for 1,3,5-TMB.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene
- IUPAC Name:
- 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene
- Reference substance name:
- Mesitylene
- EC Number:
- 203-604-4
- EC Name:
- Mesitylene
- Cas Number:
- 108-67-8
- Molecular formula:
- C9H12
- IUPAC Name:
- mesitylene
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene
- Analytical purity: >98%
- Supplier: Aldrich Chemical Company Ltd, Dorset, England
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Method
- Type of population:
- general
- Subjects:
- - Number of subjects exposed: 4
- Sex: 2 male, 2 female
- No further details reported - Ethical approval:
- confirmed, but no further information available
- Route of exposure:
- inhalation
- Reason of exposure:
- intentional
- Exposure assessment:
- not specified
- Details on exposure:
- Exposures were performed in a room of approx.8 m3 volume built for this purpose. The methodology has been described in Brooke I, Cocker J, Delic JI et al (1998). Dermal uptake of solvents from the vapour phase: an experimental study in humans. Ann Occup Hyg; 42: 531-40.
- Examinations:
- - Urine analysis: Individual pre-exposure urine samples obtained. All urine was collected (in timed samples) for 1 week and analysed for the metabolites of 1,3,5-TMB i.e. 3,5-DMBA and/or its glycine conjugate. (3,5-dimethylhippuric acid). Creatine concentration was measured.
- Haematology: Venous blood samples were taken prior to, and at 1 hr intervals from, the start of exposure until 1 hr post-exposure.
- Lung function parameters: Prior to entering the chamber, and at timed intervals during (hourly) and after (0.03, 03, 1, 1.5, 5.5 and 18 h) exposure, breath samples were collected and the exhaled solvent vapours analysed by GC-MS. Blood and breath samples were analysed for TMB.
- Other: Before and during exposure, volunteers completed a detailed questionnaire for recording subjective experiences of sensory irritation of the eyes, nose and throat.
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs:
- Exposure was well tolerated, with very little sensory irritation reported by all the volunteers. The odour of the solvent was noted, but awareness of it reduced as the exposure time progressed.
- Results of examinations:
- - Urine analysis: Peak excretion of urinary 3,5-DMBA occurred 4-8 h after the end of exposure and averaged 40 mmol/mol creatinine. The majority of the absorbed dose was excreted within 50 hr after exposure but levels of 3,5-DMBA were still detectable after 160 hr. Elimination of 3,5-DMBA in urine was biphasic with half-lives of 13 and 60 hr.
- Haematology: 1,3,5-TMB was rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream reaching a mean level of 0.85 µmol/L during exposure. There was little decline 1 hour post-exposure.
- Lung function parameters: Breath 1,3,5-TMB levels peaked within an hour of exposure commencing and averaged 137 nmol/L during exposure. Elimination of 1,3,5-TMB in breath was biphasic with an initial half-life of 60 min and a final half life of 600min.
- The percentage retention of the inhaled dose was estimated to be 52-56% for males and 23-39% for females.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
- Peak excretion of urinary 3,5-DMBA occurred 4-8 hr after the end of exposure and averaged 40 mmol/mol creatinine. The majority of the absorbed dose was excreted within 50 hr after exposure but levels of 3,5-DMBA were still detectable after 160 hr. Elimination of 3,5-DMBA in urine was biphasic with half-lives of 13 and 60 hr. 1,3,5-TMB was rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream reaching a mean level of 0.85 µmol/L during exposure. There was little decline 1 hour post-exposure. Breath 1,3,5-TMB levels peaked within an hour of exposure commencing and averaged 137 nmol/L during exposure. Elimination of 1,3,5-TMB in breath was biphasic with an initial half-life of 60 min and a final half life of 600min. The percentage retention of the inhaled dose was estimated to be 52-56% for males and 23-39% for females.
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