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EC number: 208-217-4 | CAS number: 516-03-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1978
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
Further information in a detailed justification report is included as attachment to the same record.
1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
For the determination of analogue in this read-across approach, the following points have been considered:
- Chemical speciation and valency (common valency of the cation: Fe2+ compared to Mg2+ or Sr2+).
- The water solubility, as it provides a first indication of the availability of the metal ion in the different compartments of interest. The most simplistic approach to hazard evaluation is to assume that the specific metal-containing compound to be evaluated shows the same hazards as the most water-soluble compounds.
- In fluids of organisms and in aqueous media, dissociation of ferrous oxalate di hydrate takes place immediately, resulting in formation of Ferrous cations (Fe2+) and oxalate anions. Thus, any ingestion or absorption of ferrous oxalate di hydrate by living organisms, in case of systemic consideration, will inevitably result of exposure to the dissociation products.
- Iron is an abundant mineral naturally present in the body. Physiologically, it. exists as an ion in the body as Fe2+ (ferrous ion). It is a necessary trace element used by all known living organisms (Williams 2012, NCBI 2019). Iron-containing enzymes, usually containing heme prosthetic groups, participate in catalysis of oxidation reactions in biology, and in transport of a number of soluble gases (Fraùsto da Silva 2001, NCBI 2019). Iron is an essential constituent of hemoglobin, cytochrome, and other components of respiratory enzyme systems. Its chief functions are in the transport of oxygen to tissue (hemoglobin) and in cellular oxidation mechanisms. Inorganic iron involved in redox reactions is also found in the iron-sulfur clusters of many enzymes, such as nitrogenase (involved in the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen) and hydrogenase (NCBI 2019). A class of non-heme iron proteins is responsible for a wide range of functions such as ribonucleotide reductase (reduces ribose to deoxyribose; DNA biosynthesis) and purple acid phosphatase (hydrolysis of phosphate esters).
- Counter ions: the assumption that the oxalate ion is responsible for the common property or effect implies that the toxicity or ecotoxicity of the counter ion present in the compound will be largely irrelevant in producing the effects to be assessed.
- Likely common breakdown products via physical and/or biological processes for the targeted substance (ferrous oxalate di hydrate) and the analogues identified cannot present strong differences since the structures are very simple and very similar (formation of Fe2+ or oxalate ion).
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES)
Source chemical information is provided in the “source” endpoint. No impurity affecting the classification is reported for the source chemical.
Information on the impurities of the target chemical are detailed in the attached report.
3. ANALOGUE APPROACH JUSTIFICATION
The main hypothesis for the analogue approach are verified. They are presented in the detailed report attached. The experimental data performed on the substance (tests performed in this REACH registration) confirms the analogue approach performed (same results on analogues).
4. DATA MATRIX
A data matrix is presented in the detailed report attached.
References :
Fraùsto da Silva J.J.R., Williams R.J.P. 2001 The biological chemistry of the elements, 2nd edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford
NCBI, National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Database; CID=27284, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/27284 (accessed Mar. 6, 2019).
Williams R.J.P 2012. Iron in evolution. FEBS Letters. Volume 586, Issue 5, 9 March 2012, Pages 479-484. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect conc.:
- 250 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 325 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Effect conc.:
- 400 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 160 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Effect conc.:
- 250 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Conclusions:
- The 48h LC50 values were determined to be 160mg/L and 325mg/L for oxalic acid. In a read-across approach, this value is considered for iron oxalate.
- Executive summary:
Two 48h LC50 values corresponding to 325 mg/L and 160 mg/L have been determined in two laboratories for the effects of oxalic acid on mortality of the freshwater fish Leuciscus idus melanotus under the test conditions defined according to guideline Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser, Abwasser und Schlamm-Untersuchung L 15 Fischtest.
In a read-across approach, this study is considered reliable and the value is used for iron oxalate.
Reference
Description of key information
Two 48h LC50 values corresponding to 325 mg/L and 160 mg/L have been determined in two laboratories for the effects of oxalic acid on mortality of the freshwater fish Leuciscus idus melanotus under the test conditions defined according to guideline Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser, Abwasser und Schlamm-Untersuchung L 15 Fischtest.
In a read-across approach, this study is considered reliable and the value is used for iron oxalate.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 160 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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