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EC number: 232-435-9 | CAS number: 8028-89-5 The substance obtained by controlled heat treatment of food-grade carbohydrates. Food-grade acids, alkalies, and salts may be used to assist carmelization. Food-grade antifoaming agents may be used in an amount not greater than that required to produce the intended effect. Consists essentially of colloidal aggregates that are dispersible in water but only partly dispersible in alcohol-water solutions. Depending upon the particular carmelizing agent used, may have a positive or negative colloidal charge in solution.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 018
- Report date:
- 2018
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Caramel (color)
- EC Number:
- 232-435-9
- EC Name:
- Caramel (color)
- Cas Number:
- 8028-89-5
- Molecular formula:
- C6H12OH
- IUPAC Name:
- Caramel
Constituent 1
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- Activated sludge was collected from the exit of the aeration tank, or near the exit from the tank, of a well-operated wastewater treatment plant receiving predominantly domestic sewage.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- ca. 28 d
Initial test substance concentration
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 100 mg/L
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
Reference substance
- Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
Results and discussion
% Degradation
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- ca. 32.9
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- The study is valid since:
Based on a biodegradation rate higher than 60% in 14 days (experimental value: 86.0 and 84.4 % in 9 days) in the reference control, the test was carried out under good conditions.
At the end of the test, measurements of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) in two replicates of the test item solution did not show a difference of more than 20% (experimental value:6.7%).
The oxygen uptake of the control was not greater than 60 mg/l in 28 days (experimental value:27.1 mg O2/L)
Based on a biodegradation rate higher than 25% in 14 days (experimental value: 56.8% in 13 days) in the toxicity control, the test item was not toxic to micro-organisms.
Any significant Biological Oxygen Demand of the abiotic control over the test period was highlighted. The degradation of test item was not abiotic.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test substance showed a percentage of biodegradation of 32.9% at 28 days. Since the test element is a UVCB substance, the 10-day window does not apply to the "readily biodegradable" character.
Therefore, it is considered as not readily biodegradable.
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