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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 246-002-7 | CAS number: 24057-28-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Version / remarks:
- May 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- April 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Duplicate samples were taken from each treatment at the start and at the end of the test (after 48 hours). For the 48-hour stability samples, the contents of the respective replicates were combined prior to sampling.
All samples were stored frozen (at about -20 ± 5 C) immediately after sampling. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: An aqueous solution with a nominal content of 80 % was prepared prior to the test. The test substance content of this working solution was analytically verified by HPLC to be 77.9 % (water-free). The test medium with a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L was prepared by completely diluting 130.17 mg of the working solution (corresponding to 101.4 mg water-free test substance) in 1 L of test water by intensive stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes in the dark. The test medium was prepared just before the introduction of the daphnids (i.e., start of the test).
- Controls: test water - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flee
- Strain/clone: STRAUSS
- Source: in-house culture
- Feeding during test: none
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: none. Breeding was performed in reconstituted water (Elendt M7 Medium), temperature and light conditions were identical to those in the test.
- Type and amount of food: green algae suspension (Desmodesmus subspicatus) or a mixture of this suspension and a commercial fish diet (TETRA MIN Hauptfutter, TETRA-Werke, 49304 Melle / Germany), three times a week
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): no mortality or signs of stress were observed and the brood stock was healthy.
The daphnids used for the test were 6 - 24 hours old and were not first brood progeny. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 2.5 mM (250 mg CaCO3/L)
- Test temperature:
- 21 - 22 °C
- pH:
- 7.8 - 7.9
- Dissolved oxygen:
- ≥ 8.2 mg O2/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal concentration: 101 mg/L (water-free)
measured concentration: 106 and 108 % of nominal (test start and end)
The biological results are based on the nominal concentration of the test item. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 mL glass beakers containing 50 mL test medium, covered with disposable polypropylene sheets
- Aeration: none
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- Biomass loading rate: 10 mL/animal
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted water (ISO 6341) according to the guidelines. Analytical grade salts were dissolved in ultrapure water.
- Ca/Mg ratio: 4:1
- Alkalinity: 0.8 mM
- Culture medium different from test medium: yes (daphnids were cultured in Elendt M7 Medium)
- Intervals of water quality measurement: water temperature, oxygen concentration and pH were measured at the start and at the end of the test in each treatment.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: yes; the pH of the test medium was adjusted from 6.4 to 7.9 with a 1 M NaOH solution)
- Photoperiod: 16-hour light to 8-hour dark cycle with a 30-minute transition period
- Lighting: between approximately 13 and 18 µE m-2 s-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
Daphnids were inspected for immobility and sub-lethal effects (discolouration, surface trapping, incoherent swimming pattern, etc.) after 24 and 48 hours of exposure.
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: no toxic effects up to and including nominal 100 mg/L. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- corrected for water-content
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- corrected for water-content
- Basis for effect:
- other:
- Remarks:
- mobility and sub-lethal effects
- Details on results:
- Behavioural abnormalities:
- Other biological observations: no adverse effects were observed
- Mortality of control: none
- Other adverse effects control: none
- Abnormal responses:
The test medium was a clear solution throughout the test period of 48 hours. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- Relevant effect levels:
- 24-hour EC50: 1.0 mg/L (within the range 0.6 – 2.1 mg/L as given by the guidelines) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 24-hour and 48-hour EC50 of the test item could not be calculated, because none of the responses exceeded 50 %. The EC50 values, the NOEC, the LOEC and EC100 value were therefore determined directly from the raw data.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- In the control, not more that 10 % of the daphnids have been immobilised or showed other sub-lethal effects; the dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test was > 3 mg/l in all vessels.
Reference
Description of key information
48-h EC50 > 100 mg/L for Daphnia magna (OECD 202, EU C.2)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
EC50/LC50 for freshwater invertebrates: > 100 mg/L
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