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EC number: 608-659-1 | CAS number: 31692-85-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 17 - 21 Jul 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 017
- Report date:
- 2017
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- corrected July 28, 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2009
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Hessisches Ministerium für Umwelt, Klimaschutz, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, Wiesbaden, Germany
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2-[(tetrahydrofurfuryl)oxy]ethanol
- EC Number:
- 227-407-8
- EC Name:
- 2-[(tetrahydrofurfuryl)oxy]ethanol
- Cas Number:
- 5831-59-4
- Molecular formula:
- C7H14O3
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethoxy)ethanol
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: all test item concentrations and the control
- Sampling method: Samples were taken at test start and test end, duplicate samples were taken at test start and test end.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored in a refrigerator (4 ± 4 °C), protected from light until analysis was performed.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: A stock solution of 100 mg test item/L was prepared by dissolving 100.3 mg test item into 1003 mL test water by intense stirring for 30 min. Adequate volumes of this stock solution were diluted with test water to achieve the required test item concentrations.
- Eluate: no
- Differential loading: no
- Appearance of test solutions: Test solutions were clear after preparation.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Green algae
- Strain: No. 61.81 SAG
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): cultivated in the laboratories of the test facility (originally from Sammlung von Algenkulturen, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany)
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3 d
- Method of cultivation: Cultivation under standardised conditions according to the test guidelines.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 3 d
- Culturing media and conditions: same
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 0.24 mmol/L (= 24 mg/L) as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 22.4 - 22.7 °C
- pH:
- 8.0 - 9.9 (Control)
8.0 - 10.0 (Test item concentrations) - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Control, 1, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg test item/L (nominal)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
Test vessel:
- Type: open (covered with glass dishes)
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, size 50 mL, headspace: 0 mL, fill volume: approx. 50 mL
- Initial cells density: 5000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 121.773 x 10E+04 cells/mL (mean of six replicates)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
- Other: Constantly shaken
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: OECD Medium according to the OECD guideline 201
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: at test start and test end
- Adjustment of pH: The pH was adjusted with 2 M NaOH to pH 8.1.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: Continuous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: 4958 lux (range: 4580 to 5320 lux)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Determination of cell concentrations: Cell density on each observation time was determined by spectrophotometric measurement and microscopically observation.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 3.2
- Range finding study: non-GLP range-finding test
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate is tested at least twice a year
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): Yes
- Unusual cell shape: The shape of the algal cells was not obviously affected up to this test concentration. At the highest test item concentration of 100 mg/L the cells showed deformations compared to the control. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Results of the most recent test with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata performed with Potassium Dichromate in November / December 2016: EC50 (growth rate, after 72 h): 1.12 mg/L (nominal) (95% CI: 1.06 - 1.17 mg/L).
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Based on the calculated cell densities, the 72 hours ErC50 and the 72 hours EyC50 could not be calculated with a 3-parametric normal concentration distribution function due to the lack of effects and were therefore determined directly from the raw data. The 72 hours LOEC and the 72 hours NOEC values for yield and growth rate were directly determined from the raw data.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Analytical Results TOC-measurements:
Table 1: Results for the Determination of the Test Item in the Test Samples
Sample Description
[mg test item/L] |
age
[d] |
Total Carbon found
[mg C/L] 1) |
Inorganic Carbon found
[mg C/L] 1) |
TOC
[mg C/L] |
Total Organic Carbon corrected TOC 2)
[mg C/L] |
Nominal 3)
[mg/L] |
% of nominal |
Control |
0 |
8.699 |
5.030 |
3.669 |
n.a. |
0.000 |
n.a. |
Control |
0 |
8.645 |
5.063 |
3.582 |
n.a. |
0.000 |
n.a. |
Control |
3 |
6.329 |
3.937 |
2.392 |
n.a. |
0.000 |
n.a. |
Control |
3 |
5.644 |
3.556 |
2.089 |
n.a. |
0.000 |
n.a. |
1 |
0 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.a. |
0.635 |
n.a. |
1 |
0 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.a. |
0.635 |
n.a. |
1 |
3 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.a. |
0.635 |
n.a. |
1 |
3 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.a. |
0.635 |
n.a. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
mean value (n=4): |
n.a. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
RSD (n=4): |
n.a |
3.2 |
0 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.a. |
2.032 |
n.a. |
3.2 |
0 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.a. |
2.032 |
n.a. |
3.2 |
3 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.a. |
2.032 |
n.a. |
3.2 |
3 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.a. |
2.032 |
n.a. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
mean value(n=4): |
n.a. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
RSD(n=4): |
n.a. |
10 |
0 |
14.865 |
5.017 |
9.847 |
6.222 |
6.348 |
98 |
10 |
0 |
14.660 |
5.021 |
9.639 |
6.013 |
6.348 |
95 |
10 |
3 |
12.357 |
4.063 |
8.294 |
6.054 |
6.348 |
95 |
10 |
3 |
12.063 |
4.015 |
8.048 |
5.807 |
6.348 |
91 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
mean value (n=4): |
95 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
RSD (n=4): |
3 |
32 |
0 |
29.372 |
5.095 |
24.277 |
20.651 |
20.315 |
102 |
32 |
0 |
28.995 |
4.998 |
23.997 |
20.372 |
20.315 |
100 |
32 |
3 |
27.256 |
3.870 |
23.386 |
21.145 |
20.315 |
104 |
32 |
3 |
26.372 |
3.916 |
22.456 |
20.215 |
20.315 |
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
mean value (n=4): |
101 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
RSD (n=4): |
2 |
100 |
0 |
72.469 |
5.025 |
67.444 |
63.819 |
63.485 |
101 |
100 |
0 |
72.398 |
5.028 |
67.370 |
63.744 |
63.485 |
100 |
100 |
3 |
70.691 |
3.675 |
67.016 |
64.775 |
63.485 |
102 |
100 |
3 |
70.421 |
3.901 |
66.519 |
64.279 |
63.485 |
101 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
mean value (n=4): |
101 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
RSD (n=4): |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
mean value (n=12): |
99 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
RSD (n=12): |
4 |
1 The tabulated results represent rounded results calculated on the exact raw data
2 The results were corrected by the mean value of the control (carbon content of test media)
3 Calculated using nominal carbon content of the test item (63.485 mg C/L in 100 mg test item/L determined by measuring TOC in pure water) and weighing factor
RSD: Relative Standard Deviation; DF: Dilution Factor; n.d.: not determined; n.a.: not applicable ;
Test concentrations of nominal 3.2 and 1 mg test item/L were not determined since these concentrations are clearly below the 72-hours NOEC values
Biological Results:
Table 2: Algal Cell Densities during the Test Period of 72 Hours
Nominal concentration [mg test item/L] |
Flask No. |
Density of algal cells [10000/mL] after |
||
|
|
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
Control |
1 |
3.674 |
25.964 |
132.881 |
|
2 |
3.250 |
23.650 |
114.830 |
|
3 |
3.462 |
28.047 |
122.467 |
|
4 |
3.462 |
22.261 |
109.276 |
|
5 |
3.674 |
24.113 |
118.070 |
|
6 |
3.674 |
22.261 |
133.112 |
|
m |
3.533 |
24.383 |
121.773 |
|
s |
0.173 |
2.260 |
9.701 |
1 |
1 |
3.462 |
25.039 |
123.393 |
|
2 |
3.038 |
25.270 |
122.236 |
|
3 |
2.826 |
22.956 |
112.979 |
|
M |
3.109 |
24.421 |
119.536 |
|
S |
0.324 |
1.275 |
5.708 |
3.2 |
1 |
3.462 |
21.104 |
105.573 |
|
2 |
3.462 |
25.039 |
132.187 |
|
3 |
3.674 |
23.650 |
123.624 |
|
M |
3.533 |
23.264 |
120.461 |
|
s |
0.122 |
1.995 |
13.586 |
10 |
1 |
3.674 |
26.890 |
127.327 |
|
2 |
3.462 |
22.724 |
112.747 |
|
3 |
3.887 |
24.113 |
116.450 |
|
M |
3.6742 |
4.576 |
118.841 |
|
S |
0.212 |
2.121 |
7.578 |
32 |
1 |
3.462 |
23.419 |
121.310 |
|
2 |
3.250 |
24.113 |
117.376 |
|
3 |
3.887 |
23.881 |
109.276 |
|
M |
3.533 |
23.804 |
115.987 |
|
S |
0.324 |
0.354 |
6.136 |
100 |
1 |
3.887 |
23.650 |
120.384 |
|
2 |
3.462 |
25.501 |
130.567 |
|
3 |
3.462 |
22.261 |
113.210 |
|
M |
3.604 |
23.804 |
121.387 |
|
S |
0.245 |
1.625 |
8.722 |
m: mean value; s: standard deviation At test start approx. 5000 algal cells/mL were incubated
Table 3: Growth Rates μ and Percentage Inhibition of μ during the Test Period
Nominal concentration |
Growth rates μ [1/day] and % inhibition of μ |
|||||
|
0 - 24 hours |
0 - 48 hours |
0 - 72 hours |
|||
[mg test item/L] |
μ |
% |
μ |
% |
μ |
% |
Control |
1.954 |
- |
1.942 |
- |
1.831 |
- |
1 |
1.824 |
6.7 |
1.944 |
-0.1 |
1.825 |
0.3 |
3.2 |
1.955 |
0.0 |
1.919 |
1.2 |
1.827 |
0.2 |
10 |
1.993 |
-2.0 |
1.946 |
-0.2 |
1.823 |
0.4 |
32 |
1.953 |
0.1 |
1.931 |
0.5 |
1.815 |
0.9 |
100 |
1.974 |
-1.0 |
1.931 |
0.6 |
1.830 |
0.0 |
Table 4: Validity criteria for OECD 201
Criterion from the guideline |
Outcome |
Validity criterion fulfilled |
The biomass in the control cultures should have increased exponentially by a factor of at least 16 within the 72-hour test period. |
243.5 |
Yes |
The mean coefficient of variation for section-by-section specific growth rates (days 0-1, 1-2 and 2-3, for 72-hour tests) in the control cultures must not exceed 35% |
11.2% |
Yes |
The coefficient of variation of average specific growth rates during the whole test period in replicate control cultures must not exceed 7% in tests with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Desmodesmus subspicatus. For other less frequently tested species, the value should not exceed 10%. |
1.4 % |
Yes |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
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