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EC number: 212-851-7 | CAS number: 873-75-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin irritation / corrosion
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin corrosion: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- from 2017-11-21 to 2017-12-19
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 017
- Report date:
- 2017
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 431 (In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE) Test Method)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.4 (Acute Toxicity: Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: INVITTOX Protocol SkinEthic™ Skin Corrosivity Test
- Version / remarks:
- 2012
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 4-bromobenzyl alcohol
- EC Number:
- 212-851-7
- EC Name:
- 4-bromobenzyl alcohol
- Cas Number:
- 873-75-6
- Molecular formula:
- C7H7BrO
- IUPAC Name:
- (4-bromophenyl)methanol
Constituent 1
In vitro test system
- Test system:
- human skin model
- Source species:
- human
- Cell type:
- non-transformed keratinocytes
- Justification for test system used:
- The reconstructed human epidermis model in vitro method is an accepted in vitro method to replace animal testing. The human skin RHE™ model closely mimics the biochemical and physiological properties of the upper parts of the human skin, i.e the epidermis.
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on test system:
- RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS (RHE) TISSUE
- Model used: SkinEthic™ RHE-model RHE/S/17
- Tissue batch number: 17-RHE-118
- Date of initiation of testing: 2017-11-21
TEMPERATURE USED FOR TEST SYSTEM
- Temperature used during treatment / exposure: Room temperature
REMOVAL OF TEST MATERIAL AND CONTROLS
-Volume and number of washing steps: rinsing with a minimum volume of 20 mL DPBS using a pipette
- Observable damage in the tissue due to washing: No
- Modifications to validated SOP: No
MTT DYE USED TO MEASURE TISSUE VIABILITY AFTER TREATMENT / EXPOSURE
- MTT concentration: 1 mg/mL
- Incubation time: 3 h ± 15 min
- Spectrophotometer: microplate reader (ELx800, BioTek Instruments GmbH, Bad Friedrichshall, Germany)
- Wavelength: 570 nm
- Filter: filter test plate
NUMBER OF REPLICATE TISSUES: 2
NUMBER OF INDEPENDENT TEST SEQUENCES / EXPERIMENTS TO DERIVE FINAL PREDICTION: 1
PREDICTION MODEL / DECISION CRITERIA
- The test substance is considered to be corrosive to skin if the viability after 3 minutes exposure is less than 50%, or if the viability after 3 minutes exposure is greater than or equal to 50 % and the viability after 1 hour exposure is less than 15 %.
- The test substance is considered to be non-corrosive to skin if the viability after 3 minutes exposure is greater than or equal to 50 % and the viability after 1 hour exposure is greater than or equal to 15 %. - Control samples:
- yes, concurrent negative control
- yes, concurrent positive control
- Amount/concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount applied: 20 ± 3 mg per tissue
NEGATIVE CONTROL
- Amount applied: 40 ± 3 µL per tissue
POSITIVE CONTROL
- Amount applied: 40 ± 3 µL per tissue
- Concentration: 8N - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 3 min or 1 h
- Number of replicates:
- 2
Results and discussion
In vitro
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- % tissue viability
- Run / experiment:
- 3 min
- Value:
- 104.7
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not examined
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- % tissue viability
- Run / experiment:
- 1 h
- Value:
- 87.7
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not examined
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- - OTHER EFFECTS:
- Visible damage on test system: No
- Direct-MTT reduction: No
- Colour interference with MTT: No
ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: Yes
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: Yes
- Acceptance criteria met for variability between replicate measurements: Yes
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Summary of the results
Group |
Tissue 1 |
Tissue 2 |
Mean |
CV |
||||
OD |
Viability |
OD |
Viability |
OD |
Viability |
Viability |
||
Negative Control |
3 min |
1.849 |
98.4% |
1.908 |
101.5% |
1.879 |
100.0% |
2.2% |
1 hour |
1.820 |
99.7% |
1.832 |
100.3% |
1.826 |
100.0% |
0.4% |
|
Positive Control |
1 hour |
0.008 |
0.4% |
0.011 |
0.6% |
0.010 |
0.5% |
20.0% |
Test Item |
3 min |
1.884 |
100.3% |
2.048 |
109.0% |
1.966 |
104.7% |
5.9% |
1 hour |
1.550 |
84.9% |
1.651 |
90.4% |
1.601 |
87.7% |
4.4% |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- other: Not category 1 (corrosive) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- In an in vitro skin corrosion test (reconstructed human epidermis model, RHE), a cell viability of 104.7 % after 3 min incubation and 87.7 % after 1 h incubation was determined. According to the evaluation criteria, the test substance did not show skin corrosive properties.
- Executive summary:
The corrosive potential of the test item was determined in a skin corrosion assay (RhE) according to OECD Guideline 431. The test item was applied topically to a human reconstructed skin model followed by determination of the cell viability. Cell viability was determined by enzymatic conversion of vital dye MTT into a blue formazan salt and measurement of the formazan salt after extraction from tissues. The percent reduction of cell viability in comparison to untreated negative controls was used to predict the skin corrosion potential. Duplicates of the human skin RHE-model were treated with the test item or the negative control for 3 minutes and additional 1 hour. Duplicates with the positive control were only treated for 1 hour. 40 ± 3 µL of either the negative control (deionised water) or the positive control (potassium hydroxide, 8N) were applied to the tissues. Before application of 20 ± 3 mg of the solid test item, 20 ± 2 µL of deionised water was spread to the epidermis surface to improve the contact between the test item and the epidermis. Positive and negative controls were valid. Following treatment with the test item the tissue viability was >50 % after 3 minutes exposure (mean viability: 104.7 %) and >15 % after 1 hour exposure (mean viability: 87.7 %). Thus, the test item is not considered as corrosive to skin.
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