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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- December 10, 1999 to January 31, 2001
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- adjustment of pH
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 0, 32, 56, 100, 178 and 317 mg/L.
- Sampling method: At 0 hours duplicate samples were taken directly from their preparation vessels (one vessel per level, prior to algal inoculation). Aliquots of the control and test mixtures were drawn with 50 mL glass volumetric pipettes. Sample aliquots were taken directly from test chambers at 96-h. The 50 ml aliquots were transferred from the pipettes in 50 mL polypropylene centrifuge tubes with screw-on lids. Samples were analysed for silicon using ICP-OES.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Not reported. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Stock solutions were prepared by weighing each respective dose of test article into a sterile glass cap. Each glass cap was added into its respective sterile 1 l beaker containing ~ 950 mL of sterile Algal Assay Medium (AAM) test medium. An empty sterile glass cap was added to the control stock solution. A sterile stir bar was added to each beaker and the beaker was covered with aluminium foil. After the test article (or empty glass cap for the control) was added, each stock solution was stirred for ~ 2 mins using a magnetic stirrer and stir bar, then placed in the environmental incubator for ~ 4 hours to allow the hydrolysis reaction to occur. After 4 hours the pH was adjusted to a value approximately equal to the controls using a measured volume of 1N NaOH. After pH adjustment, a measured volume of sterile AAM was added to each stock solution to bring the total volume up to 1 L. Four 100 mL aliquots of each stock solution were then poured into respective replicate 250 mL flasks. These solutions in the test vessels were then designated as test solutions. Algae were added into each flask (except media blanks) by transferring a specific density of algal cells from a test inoculum to achieve a 0-h concentration of approximately 10000 cells/mL. A random number generation program was used to provide the daily incubator locations.
- Controls: AAM with no test substance
- Evidence of undissolved material: None reported - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Selenastrum capricornutum Printz
- Strain: UTEX-1648
- Source: Originally from the University of Texas at Austin, The Culture Collection of Algae, Botany Department, Austin, Texas - March 1998
- Age of inoculum: Not reported
- Method of cultivation: Not reported
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period:
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): Culture medium was US EPA algal assay medium (AAM). Culture medium prepared from commercially available distilled water that is analysed annually for contaminants. None were shown to be present which might adversely impact the viability of the cultures or the study.
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: None reported - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- Not reported
- Test temperature:
- 23 - 24 °C
- pH:
- 0-h 7.2-7.4
96-h 7.2-7.8 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Not reported
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0, 32, 56, 100, 178 and 317 mg/L nominal.
0, 33.2, 57.3, 104, 191 and 344 mg/L measured. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Sterile 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type: open / closed: Covered with a sponge closure
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 250 mL flasks filled with 100 mL test solution or AAM
- Aeration: None
- Type of flow-through: Static
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): Static
- Initial cells density: 10000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 1352667 cells/mL
- No. of organisms per vessel:
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Commercially available distilled water
- Total organic carbon: Not reported
- Particulate matter: Not reported
- Metals: Not reported
- Pesticides: Not reported
- Chlorine: Not reported
- Alkalinity: Not reported
- Ca/mg ratio: Not reported
- Conductivity: Not reported
- Culture medium different from test medium: Culture medium US EPA AAM. Culture medium prepared from commercially available distilled water.
- Intervals of water quality measurement: 0 and 96 h
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: Yes
- Photoperiod: 24-h light, 0-h dark
- Light intensity and quality: GE Cool White and GE "E" type fluorescent lights, 368-469 foot-candles.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Determination of cell concentrations: [counting chamber; electronic particle counter; fluorimeter; spectrophotometer; colorimeter] Cell counts determined using a coulter counter Z1 particle counter. Cell counts determined at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h
- Chlorophyll measurement: No
- Other:
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: ~ 1.78 - Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 104 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- other: hydrolysis products according to study author
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 193 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- other: hydrolysis products according to study author
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 275 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- other: hydrolysis products according to study author
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 104 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- other: hydrolysis products according to study author
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 217 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- other: hydrolysis products according to study author
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 326 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- other: hydrolysis products according to study author
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Area under the growth curve for cell populations or biomass - percent inhibition values were regressed against concentration by linear regression using Microsoft Excel for Windows 95, version 7.0a.
NOEC and ErC50 values were determined using SAS v. 6.12 (10) - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- A 72-h EC50 of 275 mg/L has been determined for the effects of the tested substance (CAS 154518-41-9) on growth rate of Selenastrum capricornutum (new name: Pseudokirchnerella subcapitata). In the same test a 72-h and 96-h NOEC of 104 mg/L has been determined for effects on cell number. It is likely that the test organisms will have been exposed to a mixture of the parent substance and its hydrolysis products.
Reference
Table 1: Test Substance Concentrations (mg/l) Measured During Daphnia Study
Loading Level (mg/l) | Time = 0 hrs (duplicate samples, single vessel) | Time = 96 hrs (single samples, triplicate) | |||
Sample 1 | Sample 2 | Sample 1 | Sample 2 | Sample 3 | |
32 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 |
56 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 58 |
100 | 102 | 102 | 106 | 105 | 107 |
178 | 190 | 191 | 191 | 192 | 190 |
316 | 345 | 347 | 341 | 342 | 344 |
Table 2: Daily Algal Cell Populations (cells/ml)
Concentration mg/l | Cell count 0-h | Cell count 24-h | Cell count 48-h | Cell count 72-h | Cell count 96-h |
0 | 11789 | 36567 | 118522 | 482778 | 1352667 |
33.2 | 12134 | 35344 | 134111 | 604667 | 1648000 |
57.3 | 12766 | 28811 | 106756 | 488222 | 1410889 |
104 | 13989 | 23734 | 82823 | 397778 | 1273778 |
191 | 11900 | 21923 | 64256 | 244555 | 972222 |
344 | 13467 | 17822 | 19611 | 36889 | 154000 |
Table 3: Algal Population Inhibition at 72-h and 96-h
Concentrations mg/l | % Inhibition 72-h | % Inhibition 96-h |
0 | 0 | 0 |
33.2 | -20 | -22 |
57.5 | 5 | -1 |
104 | 26 | 14 |
191 | 51 | 39 |
344 | 94 | 92 |
*Negative values indicate growth rate greater than the control
Description of key information
Toxicity to aquatic algae: 72 hour ErC50 275 mg/L (measured arithmetic mean) (OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)). It is not feasible to reinterpret this test result in terms of the silanol hydrolysis products.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
A 72-h ErC50 value of 275 mg/L (measured (based on total silicon), arithmetic mean) has been determined for the effects of Reaction Products of 3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane and triacetoxy(vinyl)silane (CAS 154518-41-9) on growth rate of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. A NOEC of 104 mg/L has been determined for effects on cell number. In view of the test media preparation method/exposure regime it is likely that the test organisms were exposed predominantly to the hydrolysis products of the tested substance. It is not feasible to reinterpret this test result in terms of the silanol hydrolysis products.
The constituents of the registration substance hydrolyse rapidly (half-life <12 hours at pH 7 and 25°C) to [3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyl]silanetriol, vinylsilanetriol, acetic acid/acetates and methanol.
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