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EC number: 701-182-0 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 31 July 2012 to 29 August 2012
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD 301B, CO2 evolution test
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not applicable - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- Not applicable
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Following pre-study solubility work it was decided that the recommendations of the International Standards Organisation (ISO, 1995) should be followed to prepare the test item solution. Accordingly, an amount of test item (1005 mg) was dissolved in 10 mL of chloroform with the aid of ultrasonication for 5 minutes to give a 1005 mg/10 mL solvent stock solution. An aliquot (400 µL) of the stock solution was dispersed onto a filter paper and the solvent allowed to evaporate to dryness for approximately 15 minutes. The filter paper was dispersed in approximately 400 mL of mineral medium with the aid of high sheer mixing (approximately 7500 rpm, 5 minutes) prior to addition to the test vessel containing inoculated mineral medium. An aliquot (51.4 mL) of sodium benzoate stock solution (1000mg/L) was also added to the test vessel and the volume adjusted to 3 litres to give a final concentration of 13.4 mg test item/L plus 17.1 mg sodium benzoate/L equivalent to a total 20 mg carbon/L. The volumetric flask containing the solvent solution was inverted several times to ensure homogeneity of the solution. Using this method the test item is evenly distributed throughout the test medium and the surface area of the test item exposed to the test organisms is increased thereby increasing the potential for biodegradation..
- Inoculum blank: Inoculated mineral medium containing glass filter paper pre-washed with chloroform, which was allowed to evaporate before use.
- Procedure control: Reference item (sodium benzoate) in inoculate medium plus glass filter paper pre-washed with chloroform, which was allowed to evaporate, to give a final concentration of 10 mg carbon/L.
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): Cloudy light brown dispersion containing broken up pieces of filter paper. No undissolved test or reference item visible. - Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum: Aeration stage of sewage treatment plant which treats predominantly domestic sewage.
- Storage conditions: Continuously aerated at 21°C
- Storage length: Used on day of collection
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: Washed twice by settlement and resuspension in mineral medium to remove any excessive amounts of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) that may be present. Test vessels containing 2400 mL mineral medium and 22.5 mL inoculum were aerated with CO2 free air overnight prior to the addition of the test and reference items. The volume in all vessels was finally adjusted to 3 litres.
- Concentration of sludge: 2.9g suspended solids/L prior to use. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 28 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- No data reported
- Hardness:
- No data reported
- Test temperature:
- 22 ± 2°C
- pH:
- 7.4 to 7.8
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data reported.
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Nominal concentration: 13.4 mg test item/L mg equivalent to 10 mg Carbon/L. As the test item contained 50% of the active ingredient then nominal concentration of active test item is 6.7 mg active ingredient/L.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 5L test culture vessel containing 3L of test solution
- Aeration: Test vessels were sealed and CO2-free air was bubbled through the solutions at rates of 30 to 100 mL/minute/vessel and stirred continuously with a magnetic stirrer. CO2-free air was produced by passing compressed air through a glass column containing self-indicating lime soda.
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): One
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): Two for both inoculated control and reference item control.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: OECD guideline mineral medium containing KH2PO4 (0.0850g/L), K2HPO4 (0.2175 g/L), Na2HPO4.2H2O (0.3340 g/L), NH4Cl (0.005 g/L), CaCl2 (0.0255 g/L), MgSO4.7H2O (0.0225 g/L) and FeCl3 (0.00025 g/L).
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH measured at Days 0 and 28
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: If necessary, the pH was adjusted to 7.4 ± 0.2 using dilute hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide solution prior to aeration of the mineral medium
- Photoperiod: Total darkness
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: CO2 evolution. CO2 trapped in two 500 mL Dreschel bottles containing 350 mL of 0.05 M NaOH solutions in purified degassed water. 2 mL samples were taken from the first CO2 absorber vessels on days 0, 2, 6, 8, 10, 14, 21, 28 and 29 and analysed for CO2 immediately using IC channel of TOC analyser. Second absorber vessels were sampled on days 0 and 29.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
Limit test with single test item concentration of 13.4 mg test item/L. As the test item contained 50% of the active test item then nominal concentration of active test item is 6.7 mg active test item/L. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Sodium Benzoate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 6.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Based on the test item containing 50% of active material.
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 13.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: Carbon content
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Details on results:
- - Results: The toxicity to micro-organisms result was taken from the toxicity control of a ready biodegradability test. At the only concentration tested (6.7 mg active ingredient/L), the toxicity control (test item plus sodium benzoate) obtained ≥ 25% degradation by Day 14 (actual 44%) and therefore the active ingredient can be considered to be non-inhibitory to the micro-organisms tested.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The reference substance (sodium benzoate) attained 96% degradation after 14 days and 91% degradation after 28 days thereby confirming the suitability of the inoculum and test conditions. Degradation values in excess of 100% were considered to be due to sampling /analytical variation. The slight decrease in degradation between days 14 and 28 was also considered to be due to sampling/analytical variation (see table below).
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No data reported
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The total CO2 evolution in the inoculum control was < 40 mg/L (actual 24.28 mg/L). The IC content of the test item in the mineral medium at test start was < 5% (actual 0%). The difference in CO2 production at test end between replicates was < 20%.
- Conclusions:
- The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) for aquatic micro-organisms is 6.7 mg active ingredient/L.
- Executive summary:
The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) for aquatic micro-organisms is 6.7 mg active ingredient/L. The toxicity of the test item to activated sewage sludge was taken from the toxicity control of a GLP-compliant ready biodegradability CO2 evolution test following OECD guideline 301B (Harlan 2012). The study is considered reliable and relevant for use for this endpoint.
Reference
Table 1. Percentage Biodegradation Values
Day
|
Percentage Biodegradation |
|
Sodium Benzoate Procedure Control |
Test Item plus Sodium Benzoate Toxicity Control |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
61 |
17 |
6 |
83 |
27 |
8 |
80 |
30 |
10 |
108 |
43 |
14 |
96 |
44 |
21 |
101 |
55 |
28 |
89 |
59 |
29* |
91 |
56 |
* Day 29 values corrected to include any carry-over of CO2 detected in Absorber 2
Description of key information
The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) for aquatic micro-organisms is 6.7 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms:
- 6.7 mg/L
Additional information
The toxicity of the test item to activated sewage sludge was taken from the toxicity control of a GLP-compliant ready biodegradability CO2 evolution test following OECD guideline 301B (Harlan 2013). In the toxicity control, the biodegradation rate of a reference substance known to be readily biodegradable is followed in the presence of the test item. The test item did not exhibit any inhibitory effects on the biodegradation rate of the reference substance, indicating that it was not toxic to the micro-organisms at the concentration tested.
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