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EC number: 249-352-9 | CAS number: 28983-56-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from publication.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Verapamil as a co-mutagen in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test
- Author:
- Lynnette R. Ferguson and Bruce C. Baguley
- Year:
- 1 988
- Bibliographic source:
- Mutation Research, 209 (1988) 57-62
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- To evaluate the mutagenic potential of Methyl Blue in Salmonella typhimurium TA1537, TA1598 and TA100 by AMES assay.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Disodium [[4-[bis[4-[(sulphonatophenyl)amino]phenyl]methylene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]amino]benzenesulphonate
- EC Number:
- 249-352-9
- EC Name:
- Disodium [[4-[bis[4-[(sulphonatophenyl)amino]phenyl]methylene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]amino]benzenesulphonate
- Cas Number:
- 28983-56-4
- Molecular formula:
- C37H29N3O9S3.2Na
- IUPAC Name:
- Disodium [[4-[bis[4-[(sulphonatophenyl)amino]phenyl]methylene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]amino]benzenesulphonate
- Details on test material:
- - IUPAC Name: Disodium [[4-[bis[4-[(sulphonatophenyl)amino]phenyl]methylene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]amino]benzenesulphonate
- SMILES:O=S(=O)(c1ccccc1Nc1ccc(C(=C2C=CC(=N{+}c3ccccc3S(=O)(=O)O{-}.[Na]{+})C=C2)c2ccc(Nc3ccccc3S(=O)(=O)O{-})cc2)cc1)O{-}.[Na]{+}
- InChI:1S/C37H29N3O9S3.2Na/c41-50(42,43)34-19-13-31(14-20-34)38-28-7-1-25(2-8-28)37(26-3-9-29(10-4-26)39-32-15-21-35(22-16-32)51(44,45)46)27-5-11-30(12-6-27) 40-33-17-23-36(24-18-33)52(47,48)49;;/h1-24,38-39H,(H,41,42,43)(H,44,45,46)(H,47,48,49);;/q;2*+1/p-1
- Mol. formula: C37H26N3Na2O9S3
- Molecular Weight: 800.8182 g/mol
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material :Methyl Blue
- Molecular formula : C37H26N3Na2O9S3
- Molecular weight : 800.8182 g/mol
- Smiles notation : c1cc(ccc1C(=C2C=CC(=[NH+]c3ccc (cc3)S(=O) (=O)[O-])C=C2)c4ccc(cc4)Nc5ccc(cc5)S (=O)(=O)[O-])Nc6ccc(cc6)S(=O)(=O)O.[Na+].[Na+]
- InChl : 1S/C37H29N3O9S3.2Na/c41-50(42,43)34-19-13-31(14-20-34)38-28-7-1-25(2-8-28)37(26-3-9-29(10-4-26)39-32-15-21-35(22-16-32)51(44,45 46)27-5-11-30(12-6-27)40-33-17-23-36(24-18-33)52(47,48)49;;/h1-24,38-39H,(H,41,42,43)(H,44,45,46)(H,47,48,49);;/q;2*+1/p-1
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid
Method
- Target gene:
- Histidine
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA1537, TA1598 and TA100
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- Not applicable
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Cytokinesis block (if used):
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- not specified
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 100 µl
- Vehicle / solvent:
- 50% of ethanol
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- ethanol
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- ethanol
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- no
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Details on test system and conditions
METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 3days
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: triplicate
OTHER: Reversion characteristics of each strain were tested in each experiment using the disc method of Zieger et al. (1982). The background number of revertants was 8 ± 3 for TA1537, 34 ±7 for TA98, and 171 ± 10 for TAI00. - Rationale for test conditions:
- Not specified
- Evaluation criteria:
- Mutagenicity is expressed as revertants colonies/µg compound added to the plate, and is derived from the slope of the corresponding regression equation.
- Statistics:
- Mutagenicity data were analyzed according to the method of Moore and Felton (1983). A regression line was fitted for the number of mutants versus
drug concentration for the linear part of the curve. Mutagenicity was scored as negative if the regression coefficient was non-significant. To determine whether verapamil had a significant effect on mutagenicity, the slopes ( +__ SD) of the corresponding regression lines with and without verapamil were determined, and the significance of the difference was calculated using Student's t test.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA1537, TA1598 and TA100
- Metabolic activation:
- not specified
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- not examined
- Additional information on results:
- All mutagenicity data, calculated as revertant colonies per /µg of added drug in the presence or absence of verapamil.
- Remarks on result:
- other: NO mutagenic effct were observerd
Any other information on results incl. tables
Sr no |
Compound |
Mutagenicitybin bacterial strainc |
||
|
|
TA1537 |
TA98 |
TA100 |
1 |
Methyl Blue |
0 |
0 |
0 |
b Mutagenicity is expressed as revertant colonies/tzg compound added to the plate, and is derived from the slope of the corresponding
regression equation,.
c Bacterial strains are described in Maron and Ames (1983).
d Statistical significance of the differences: **p < 0.001; *p < 0.05.
e A value of 0 means that the correlation coefficient of the regression equation is not statistically significant.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Methyl Blue (28983-56-4) was evaluated for its mutagenic potential in Salmonella typhimurium TA1537, TA1598 and TA100. The test result was considered to be negative for the test.
- Executive summary:
In Genetic toxicity in vitro study, Methyl Blue was assessed for its possible mutagenic potential. For this purpose AMES assay was performed in Salmonella typhimurium TA1537, TA1598 and TA100 by plate-incorporation assay. The test substance was exposed at the concentration of than 100µl of 50% ethanol, or 50% ethanol alone as negative control. Plates were allowed to harden, and then incubated for 3 days at 37°C before scoring colonies for reversion to Histidine independence. A dose range of each compound was tested, and each experimental point performed in triplicate on at leasttwo separate occasions. No mutagenic effect were observed at this dose .Therefore Methyl Blue was considered to be non mutagenic for AMES test. Hence the substance cannot be classified as gene mutant in vitro.
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