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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 310-060-2 | CAS number: 102110-59-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Health surveillance data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- health surveillance data
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented study report which meets basic scientific principles. Read-across to kaolin exposure.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Inhalation of china stone and china clay dusts: realtionship between the mineralogy of dust retained in the lungs and pathological changes.
- Author:
- Wagner J.c, Pooley F.D, Gibbs A, Lyons J, Sheers G, and C-B. Moncrieff
- Year:
- 1 986
- Bibliographic source:
- Thorax 41, 190-196
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- human medical data
- Endpoint addressed:
- repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The lungs of 62 men, whose previous occupational exposure to china clay dust might have contributed to their death, were examined macroscopically and histologically. Available chest radiographs were studied, and samples of lung tissue were submitted for mineralogical analysis.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- China clay
- IUPAC Name:
- China clay
- Reference substance name:
- China clay and stone
- IUPAC Name:
- China clay and stone
- Details on test material:
- The cases were divided into three groups of exposure:
a) China clay (kaolinite > 90% by mass, quarz <1.1% by mass and feldspars <1.0% by mass
b) kaolinite < 90% by mass, quarz >0.9% by mass and feldspars >1.0% by mass
c) miscellaneous (fairly diverse mineral compositions)
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- The lungs of 62 men with suspected pneumoconiosis, whose previous occupational exposure to china clay dust might have contributed to their death, were examined macroscopically and histologically. Available chest radiographs were studied, and samples of lung tissue were submitted for mineralogical analysis. All men had been employed in the production of China clay or china stone.
Results and discussion
- Results:
- The radiological data showed that those lungs with interstitial changes and a high kaolinite content tended to show irregular radiological changes, while nodular opacities were more common in those with a high quartz content.
The pathological examination showed that nodular fibrosis was statistically significantly related to the quartz concentration. Interstitial fibrosis, on the other hand seemed to be related to the kaolinite concentration. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between kaolinite concentration and interstitial fibrosis grades.
Any other information on results incl. tables
The study supports previous epidemiological and radiological studies, indicating that the risk for developing kaolinite pneumoconiosis increases with the dryness of the material handled and cumulative years of exposure.
It should be noticed that the study group was small, and pneumoconiosis had been identified only in a few of the subjects during their lifetime. The patients were mainly elderly, and therefore the findings reflect much higher exposure levels than in the industry of today.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
The lungs of 62 men with suspected pneumoconiosis, whose previous occupational exposure to china clay dust might have contributed to their death, were examined macroscopically and histologically. Available chest radiographs were studied, and samples of lung tissue were submitted for mineralogical analysis. All men had been employed in the production of China clay or china stone. The findings of nodular fibrosis were statistically significantly related to the quartz concentrations measured in the lung samples. Interstitial fibrosis, on the other hand seemed to be realted to the kaolinite concentration. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between kaolinite concentration and interstitial fibrosis grades.
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