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EC number: 231-442-4 | CAS number: 7553-56-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Monitoring data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- monitoring data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- The determination and monitoring of 131I activity in sewage treatment plants based on A2/O processes
- Author:
- Fernando Jiménez, Raúl López, Rafael Pardo, Luis Debán, Marta García-Talavera
- Year:
- 2 011
- Bibliographic source:
- Radiation Measurements Volume 46, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 104-108
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The 131I activity was determined based on its precipitation as silver (I) iodide, its dissolution with cyanide in ammonia medium and its measurement by the liquid scintillation counting technique (LSC).
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Media:
- other: wastewater
Study design
- Details on sampling:
- Inlet and treated water samples were collected at the STP of Valladolid (Spain) during the year 2006. The depurating process of the STP consists of decantation, biological treatment using an A2O (anaerobic, anoxic and oxic conditions) process, decantation and spill into the PisuergaRiver. Inlet water samples were collected just before the first decantation whereas effluents were collected just before spilling into the river. Samples were kept in polyethylene bottles, cooled during transport and immediately analyzed.
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
The maximum 131I activity found in the influents was 2.6 Bq/kg.
The removing or depurating efficiencies calculated as the ratio between the values of paired treated and inlet water samples for 131I was between 25 and 93% with a mean value of 52%.
The correlation matrix of the depurating efficiencies show that the existence of significant correlations amongst COD, BOD5 and SS (p < 0.05) and the lack of correlation between all of them with the 131I removing efficiency (p > 0.05).
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- A procedure for the determination of 131I activity in wastewater based on the LSC measurement of a chemically treated sample has been proposed and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, LSC allows the determination of 131I activities with a detection limit (CCβ) of 11.0 mBq/kg.
The STP reaches a mean 131I removal efficiency of 51.6%, and no conclusive pathway for the elimination of 131I during the depuration process were found. - Executive summary:
A procedure for the determination of 131I activity in wastewater based on the LSC measurement of a chemically treated sample has been proposed and optimized. The LSC procedure has been validated by comparison with ISO standard gamma spectrometry giving comparable results. The main advantages of LSC against gamma spectrometry are (1) a smaller sample volume is needed (1 L vs. 20 L), (2) smaller counting time (13 h vs. up to 48 h) and (3) several samples can be simultaneously processed. Under the optimized conditions, LSC allows the determination of 131I activities with a detection limit (CCβ) of 11.0 mBq/kg.
The LSC procedure has been applied to the determination of 131I activity in the inlet as well as treated wastewater of the STP in Valladolid (Spain). All analyzed samples were below the allowed limits, and the annual evolution of 131I activity in the non-treated wastewater shows a near constant background activity and some sharp increases corresponding to authorized spills from hospital facilities. The STP reaches a mean 131I removal efficiency of 51.6%, and no conclusive pathway for the elimination of 131I during the depuration process were found.
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