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EC number: 206-058-5 | CAS number: 298-12-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Additional ecotoxological information
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional ecotoxicological information
- Type of information:
- other: Literature data
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Study period:
- 1996
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Literature data
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Metabolism of Glyoxylate, the end product of purin degradation in liver peroxisomes of fresh water fish.
- Author:
- Sakuraba H., Fujiwara S., Noguchi T.
- Year:
- 1 996
- Bibliographic source:
- Biochem. Biophy. Res. Com., 229, 603-606.
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The aim of this study is to describe that in fresh water fish, hepatic alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase is located both in the peroxisomes and in the mitochondria.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of study / information:
- Glyoxylate in vitro metabolism: Fresh water fish
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Glyoxylic acid
- EC Number:
- 206-058-5
- EC Name:
- Glyoxylic acid
- Cas Number:
- 298-12-4
- Molecular formula:
- C2H2O3
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-oxoacetic acid
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
The
intracellular distribution of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase was
examined by sucrose density gradient
centrifugation with the postnuclear fractions of 7 different fresh water
fish livers.
In each case, the peroxisomes and mitochondria were separated; the
peroxisomes, marked by catalase, were at a density of about 1.25 g/ml
and the mitochondria, marked by glutamate dehydrogenase, at a density of
about 1.18 g/ml.
Acid phosphatase as the lysosomal marker was distributed over a broad
density range with a peak of about 1.19 g/ml.
In prussian carp, alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase activity was
recovered in the peroxisomal and mitochondrial fractions with a minor
activity in the soluble fraction.
Alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase/catalase in the peroxisomal fraction
is similar to that in the soluble fraction, and glutamate dehydrogenase
as the mitochondrial
marker is not recovered in the soluble fraction, it is suggested that
alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase activity in the soluble fraction is
from broken peroxisomes and not from broken mitochondria.
These results show that alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase is located
both in the peroxisomes and in the mitochondria.
The
same results were obtained with livers of other fresh water fishes
(gengor carp, pale chub, large mouth bass, sunfish, wataka and hasu).
Alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase has been reported to be located both
in the mitochondria and in the cytosol in marine fish liver. In
contrast, alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase was found to be located
both in the peroxisomes and in the mitochondria in fresh water fish liver.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In marine fish liver, degradative enzymes able to convert purines to urate have been shown to be located in the cytosol and degradative enzymes able to convert urate to urea and glyoxylate in the peroxisomes.
The end products of purine degradation are urea and glyoxylate in fish.
Glyoxylate may be converted to glycine by alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase for the reutilization of purine carbon.
The intracellular localization of the enzyme differs between fresh water fish and marine fish:
- Alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase is located both in peroxisome and in the mitochondria of fresh water,
- In contrast, alanine/glyoxylate is located both in the mitochondria and in the cytosol in marine fish liver.
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