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EC number: 920-031-1 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 13 October 2009-20 October 2009
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This study has been performed according to OECD and/or EC guidelines and according to GLP principles
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 009
- Report date:
- 2009
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 8692 (Water Quality - Fresh Water Algal Growth Inhibition Test with Scenedesmus subspicatus and Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Guidance document on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult substances and mixtures, OECD series on testing and assessment number 23, December 14, 2000.
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Biomass residue (liquid) obtained after B2 production
- IUPAC Name:
- Biomass residue (liquid) obtained after B2 production
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples for Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis were taken from the highest test concentration and the control without algae according to the schedule below.
Frequency: at t=0 h and t=72 h
Volume: 40 ml
Storage: Samples were stored in a refrigerator until analysis
At the end of the exposure period, the replicates without algae were pooled at each concentration before sampling.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The batch of Biomass residue (liquid) obtained after B2 production tested was a brownish-yellow turbid liquid . The test substance was not completely soluble in M2-medium at loading rates of 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/l. This is probably due to the salts in the M2-medium.
Preparation of the test solutions started with loading rates of 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/l applying 1 day of magnetic stirring to reach maximum solubility of the test substance in the test medium. The resulting aqueous mixtures, of which the 1.0 mg/l loading rate was observed to be colourless with a few particles while the higher loading rates were turbid and increasingly yellow, were filtered through a glass fibre pre-filter (Whatman). The Water Soluble Fractions (WSFs) were used for testing.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- Strain: NIVA CHL 1
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): In-house laboratory culture
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 4 days before the start of the test, cells from the algal stock culture were inoculated in culture medium at a cell density of 1 x 10E4 cells/ml.
- Method of cultivation: Algae stock cultures were started by inoculating growth medium with algal cells from a pure culture on agar. The suspensions were continuously aerated and exposed to light in a climate room at a temperature of 21-24°C.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 0.24 mmol/l (24 mg CaCO3/l)
- Test temperature:
- Between 22.0 and 23.7°C.
- pH:
- Between 8.0 and 8.2
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations:Control and WSFs prepared at loading rates of 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/l.
Measured concentrations: Control and WSF prepared at 100 mg/l
Based on the TOC content of Biomass residue (liquid) obtained after B2 production (i.e. 13%) the concentration Biomass residue (liquid) obtained after B2 production in the aquatic samples was calculated and corrected for the control. The initial concentration in the WSF prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/l was calculated to be 42 mg/l. This concentration decreased to 30 mg/l at the end of the test. Based on these results the average exposure concentration was calculated to be 36 mg/l. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 ml, normal headspace, 50 ml
- Aeration: no
- Initial cells density: 10000 cells/ml
- Control end cells density: 1470000 cells/ml
- Replicates:
6 replicates of the control and the highest test concentration
3 replicates of each lower test concentration
One or more replicates of all test solutions without algae
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continuous
- Light intensity and quality: TLD-lamps of the type Cool-white of 30 Watt, with a light intensity within the range of 63 to 76 µE.m-2.s-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
72 h NOErC, 72 h NOEyC, 72 h ErC50, 72 h EyC50
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 10
- Test concentrations: control and WSFs prepared at loading rates of 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/l - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 36 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- Total Organic Carbon (TOC) converted to testmaterial
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 36 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- Total Organic Carbon converted to testmaterial
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 other: mg/l (WSF prepared at 100 mg/l)
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 other: mg/l (WSF prepared at 100 mg/l)
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 36 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- Total Organic Carbon (TOC) converted to test material
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 36 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- Total Organic Carbon (TOC) convereted to test material
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 other: mg/l (WSF prepared at 100 mg/l)
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 other: mg/l (WSF prepared at 100 mg/l)
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: Yes
Microscopic observations at the end of the test revealed a normal and healthy appearance of the exposed cells when compared to the control - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The EC50 for growth rate reduction (ErC50: 0-72h) was 1.6 mg/l with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 1.1 to 2.3 mg/l.
The EC50 for yield inhibition (EyC50: 0-72h) was 0.62 mg/l with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.50 to 0.78 mg/l. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Statistical analysis of the data for growth rate reduction was not performed as the effects recorded were not significant (<10%).
Slight but statistically significant inhibition of yield was found at the highest test concentration (Bonferroni t and Tukey test, a = 0.05).
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the present study Biomass residue (liquid) obtained after B2 production did not induce growth rate reduction at a loading rate of 100 mg/l (NOEC), corresponding to an average exposure concentration of 36 mg/l.
The EC50 for growth rate reduction (ErC50: 0-72h) was above a loading rate of 100 mg/l. Based on non-specific analysis the 72h-EC50 was determined to be >36 mg/l.
Biomass residue (liquid) obtained after B2 production induced significant inhibition of yield at the highest loading rate tested, i.e. the NOEC was below a loading rate of 100 mg/l.
The EC50 for yield inhibition (EyC50: 0-72h) was above a loading rate of 100 mg/l. Based on non-specific analysis the 72h-EC50 was determined to be >36 mg/l.
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