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EC number: 246-618-6 | CAS number: 25103-54-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 07 October 2017 - 09 November 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- April 13 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: 1704HH0700/0
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 29th April 2018
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: All test concentrations and control
- Sampling method: 2.0 mL from the approximate centre of the test vessels was sampled at 0 and 48 hours. At the end of the exposure period, the replicates were pooled at each concentration before sampling.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Not applicable, samples were analysed on the day of sampling - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Loading rates were individually prepared. A three-day period of magnetic stirring was applied to ensure maximum dissolution of the test item in test medium. The solutions were allowed to settle for a period of one hour. Thereafter, the aqueous Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs) were collected by means of siphoning through glass wool and used as test concentrations.
- Controls: Test medium only (adjusted ISO medium)
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): No vehicle used
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): In the main test, all test solutions were clear and colorless at the end of the preparation procedure. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna (Straus, 1820)
- Source: In-house laboratory culture with a known history
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): The test used young daphnids <24 hours old from parental daphnids of more than two weeks old.
- Feeding during test: None during test.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: None
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 180 mg/L as CaCo3
- Test temperature:
- 20°C (measured in a temperature control vessel)
- pH:
- Test start: 7.9
Test end: 8.0 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Test start: 8.7 - 9.4 mg/L
Test end: 9.2 - 9.4 mg/L - Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal loading rates: 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10 mg/L
Measured concentrations at test start: 0.100, 0.115, 0.117, 0.325, 1.05 mg/L
Measured concentrations at test end: 0.0415, 0.0656, 0.0750, 0.214, 0.764 mg/L
Mean measured concentrations: 0.064, 0.087, 0.093, 0.26, 0.89 mg/L
Mean measured concentrations were used for reporting of results. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 mL glass vessels
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 80 mL
- Aeration: None
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): No renewal
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- Biomass loading rate: 5 Daphnids per 80 mL test solution
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Adjusted ISO medium (Elendt M7)
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH and dissolved oxygen measured at the start and end of the test in all concentrations and the control
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Not reported
- Photoperiod: 16 hour photoperiod
- Light intensity: Not reported
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Immobility assessed at 24 and 48 hours
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: No
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L loading rates
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes, loading rates between 1.0 and 10 mg/L used in the main study based on the rangefinder results - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence intervals: 0.16 - 0.24 mg/L
- Details on results:
- No immobility was observed in the control or the three lowest concentrations. Effects increased with increasing concentration at the two highest test concentrations. After 24 hours of exposure, 30 and 85% of exposed daphnids were immobilised, respectively, while 80 and 100% of exposed daphnids, respectively, were immobilised at the end of the test.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid?
Yes (tested 25 - 27 September 2017)
- Relevant effect levels: 0.10, 0.18, 0.32, 0.56, 1.0, 1.8 mg/L
- Limit test: No
- ECx:
24h-EC50: 0.59 mg/L (95% confidence interval 0.52 - 0.68 mg/L) 48h-EC50: 0.41 mg/L (95% confidence interval 0.34 - 0.46 mg/L)
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 48h-EC50-value was calculated by applying the Trimmed Spearman-Karber procedure on the percentages of affected daphnids and the logarithms of the corresponding average test item concentrations.
ToxRat Professional v 3.2.1 (ToxRat Solutions® GmbH, Germany) was used to perform the analyses. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- In the control, no Daphnids were immobilised or showed other signs of disease, The oxygen concentration in the control and test vessels was ≥3 mg/L at the end of the test.
- Conclusions:
- The 48-hour EC50 for the test item is 0.20 mg/L (95% confidence interval 0.16 - 0.24 mg/L), based on measured concentrations.
- Executive summary:
Augusiak (2018) is a GLP-compliant study following OECD guideline 202. A static test system was employed, with 48-hour exposure. Water Accommodated fractions were prepared at loading rates of 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10 mg/L (mean measured concentrations 0.064, 0.087, 0.093, 0.26 and 0.89 mg/L). Loading rates were selected based on a range-finding study and mean measured concentrations were used for reporting of results. 4 replicates of 5 Daphnids were exposed to each test concentration and the control. All validity criteria for the study were met. The 48-hour EC50 for the test item is 0.20 mg/L (95% confidence interval 0.16 - 0.24 mg/L), based on measured concentrations.
Reference
Table 1 Average Exposure Concentration Versus Nominal Concentration
Test item |
Measured concentrations (mg/L) |
Average exposure (mg/L) |
|
t=0h |
t=48h |
||
1.0 |
0.100 |
0.0415 |
0.064 |
1.8 |
0.115 |
0.0656 |
0.087 |
3.2 |
0.117 |
0.0750 |
0.093 |
5.6 |
0.325 |
0.214 |
0.26 |
10 |
1.05 |
0.764 |
0.89 |
Table 2 Number of Introduced Daphnids and Incidence of Immobility in the Final Test
Time (h) |
Replicate |
Test item; Averagre conc. (mg/L) |
|||||
Control |
0.064 |
0.087 |
0.093 |
0.26 |
0.89 |
||
0 |
A |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
B |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|
C |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|
D |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|
Total introduced |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
|
24 |
A |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 (1) |
5 |
B |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 (1) |
1 (1) |
5 |
|
C |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2#(1) |
4 (1) |
|
D |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 (1) |
2 |
3 |
|
Total immobilised |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
17 |
|
Effect % |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
30 |
85 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
48 |
A |
0 |
0 (1) |
0 |
0 |
2 |
5 |
B |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
5 |
|
C |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
5 |
|
D |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
5 |
|
Total immobilised |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
16 |
20 |
|
Effect % |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
80 |
100 |
( ) between brackets: number of daphnia observed trapped at the surface of the test solutions. These organisms were reimmersed into the respective solutions before recording of mobility.
#Microscopic observation revealed no test item stuck to the daphnids
Table 3 Effect Parameters
Parameter |
Test item Average conc. (mg/L) |
95%-confidence interval (mg/L) |
24h-EC50 |
0.42 |
0.32-0.58 |
48h-EC50 |
0.20 |
0.16-0.24 |
Description of key information
The 48-hour EC50 for the test item is 0.20 mg/L (95% confidence interval 0.16 - 0.24 mg/L), based on measured concentrations.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 0.2 mg/L
Additional information
Augusiak (2018) is a GLP-compliant study following OECD guideline 202. A static test system was employed, with 48-hour exposure. Water Accommodated fractions were prepared at loading rates of 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10 mg/L (mean measured concentrations 0.064, 0.087, 0.093, 0.26 and 0.89 mg/L). Loading rates were selected based on a range-finding study and mean measured concentrations were used for reporting of results. 4 replicates of 5 daphnids were exposed to each test concentration and the control. All validity criteria for the study were met. The 48-hour EC50 for the test item is 0.20 mg/L (95% confidence interval 0.16 - 0.24 mg/L), based on measured concentrations.
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