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Diss Factsheets

Ecotoxicological information

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:
short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Type of information:
migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
2012-05-29 - 2012-07-20
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: see 'Remark'
Remarks:
GLP guideline study on supporting substance. This result is read-across from ‘1,3,4-Thiadiazolidine-2,5-dithione, reaction products with hydrogen peroxide and tert-nonanethiol’. Read-across is justified as the two substances ‘1,3,4-Thiadiazolidine-2,5-dithione, reaction products with hydrogen peroxide and tert-dodecanethiol’ and ‘1,3,4-Thiadiazolidine-2,5-dithione, reaction products with hydrogen peroxide and tert-nonanethiol’ are virtually the same: the only difference between those two UVCB substances is that one of the used raw materials (alkanethiol) has a diversity in the C-range, i.e. on the one hand a tert. C12-alkanethiol is used in the manufacturing process, on the other hand a tert. C9. Hence, based on the (structural) similarity of both substances it is safe to say that the physicochemical, toxicological and ecotoxicological properties are likely to be similar.

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2012
Report date:
2012

Materials and methods

Test guidelineopen allclose all
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Remarks:
The Department of Health of the Government of the United Kingdom

Test material

Constituent 1
Reference substance name:
1,3,4-Thiadiazolidine-2,5-dithione, reaction products with hydrogen peroxide and tert-nonanethiol
EC Number:
293-927-7
EC Name:
1,3,4-Thiadiazolidine-2,5-dithione, reaction products with hydrogen peroxide and tert-nonanethiol
Cas Number:
91648-65-6
Molecular formula:
not applicable (UVCB substance)
IUPAC Name:
1,3,4-Thiadiazolidine-2,5-dithione, reaction products with hydrogen peroxide and tert-nonanethiol
Test material form:
other: liquid
Details on test material:
- Name of test material: 1,3,4-Thiadiazolidine-2,5-dithione, reaction products with hydrogen peroxide and tert-nonanethiol
- Physical state: amber colored liquid
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 2013-09-05
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature in the dark
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not applicable. No surrogate or analogue material was used.

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:
yes
Details on sampling:
- Water temperature measurement: Daily
- Dissolved oxygen an pH measurement: At start and termination of the experiment
- Chemical analysis: Replicate samples (R1 - R4 pooled) where taken at start and termination of the experiment. Duplicate samples were taken and stored at approx. -20 °C.

Test solutions

Vehicle:
no
Details on test solutions:
PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs)
- Preparation: 25, 45, 80, 140 and 250 mg of test substance were each separately added to the surface of 2.5 L of reconstituted water to give the 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L loading rates, respectively. After the addition of the test substance, the reconstituted water was magnetically stirred. Such a stirring rate was chosen that a vortex was formed to give a dimple at the water surface. The stirring was stopped after 23 hours and the mixtures were allowed to stand for 1 hour. A wide bore glass tube, covered at one end with Necsofilm was submerged into the vessel, sealed end down, to a depth of approximately 5 cm from the bottom of the vessel. A length of Tygon tubing was inserted into the glass tube and pushed through the Nescofilm seal. Microscopic inspection of the WAFs showed no micro-dispersions or undissolved test substance to be present. The aqueous phase or WAF was removed by mid-depth siphoning (the first approximate 75 - 100 mL discarded) to give the test loading rate WAFs.
The concentration and stability of the test substance in the preparations were verified by chemical analysis at 0 and 48 hours.
- Validation of mixing period: Pre-study work was carried out to determined whether stirring for a prolonged period produced significantly higher measured test concentrations in the WAF. A WAF of a nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L was prepared, in duplicate, in deionized reverse osmosis water. One loading rate was stirred for a period of 23 hours and the other for a period of 71 hours. After a 1-h standing period the mixtures were then removed by siphon and the concentration of the test substance in the 100 mg/L loading rate WAFs was verified by chemical analysis.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):
Daphnia magna
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Waterflea
- Strain: 1st instar
- Source: In-house laboratory cultures
- Age at study initiation: < 24 h
- Food type: algal suspension (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and food suspension (Tetramin(R) flakes)
- Frequency: Daily

Study design

Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
48 h
Post exposure observation period:
No post exposure observation period described.

Test conditions

Hardness:
Approximate theoretical total hardness: 250 mg/L as CaCO3
Test temperature:
21 - 22 °C
pH:
Control (R1 - R4): 8.0 (start) - 8.1 (end)
10 mg/L WAF (R1 - R4): 8.1 (start and end)
18 mg/L WAF (R1 - R4): 8.0/8.1 (start) - 8.1 (end)
32 mg/L WAF (R1 - R4): 8.0 (start) - 8.1 (end)
56 mg/L WAF (R1 - R4): 8.0 (start) - 8.1 (end)
100 mg/L WAF (R1 - R4): 8.0 (start) - 8.1 (end)
Dissolved oxygen:
Control (R1 - R4): 8.6/8.7 mg O2/L (99/101 % ASV) (start and end)
10 mg/L WAF (R1 - R4): 8.7 mg O2/L (100 % ASV) (start) - 8.5/8.6 mg O2 /L (98/99 % ASV) (end)
18 mg/L WAF (R1 - R4): 8.6/8.7 mg O2/L (99/100 % ASV) (start) - 8.6 mg O2/L (99 % ASV) (end)
32 mg/L WAF (R1 - R4): 8.6 mg O2/L (97/99 % ASV) (start and end)
56 mg/L WAF (R1 - R4): 8.6 mg O2/L (99 % ASV) (start) - 8.5/8.6 mg O2/L (96/97/99 % ASV) (end)
100 mg/L WAF (R1 - R4): 8.6 mg O2/L (97/99 % ASV) (start and end)
Salinity:
Not applicable.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L WAF (nominal)
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: jars
- Type: closed
- Material, size, fill volume: glass, 250 mL, approx. 200 mL
- Aeration: none
- Renewal rate of test solution: none
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Type: Reconstituted water
- Stock solutions: a) 11.76 g/L CaCl2 x 2H2O; b) 4.93 g/L MgSO4 x 7H2O; c) 2.59 g/L NaHCO3; d) 0.23 g/L KCl
- Preparation: 25 mL of each solution (a - d) was added to each liter (final volume) of deionized water with a conductivity of < 5 µS/cm. The reconstituted water had a pH of 7.8 +/- 0.2 adjusted (if necessary) with NaOH or HCl and was aerated until the dissolved oxygen concentration was approximately air-saturation value.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 / 8 h light/dark cycle wiht a 20 min dawn and dusk transition periods
- Light intensity: 786 - 985 lux

RANGE FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: No immobilization was observed at 10 mg/L WAF. However, immobilization was observed at 100 mg/L WAF
Reference substance (positive control):
yes
Remarks:
Potassium dichromate

Results and discussion

Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
Duration:
24 h
Dose descriptor:
LOELR
Effect conc.:
56 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
other: loading rate WAF
Basis for effect:
mobility
Duration:
24 h
Dose descriptor:
NOELR
Effect conc.:
32 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
other: loading rate WAF
Basis for effect:
mobility
Duration:
24 h
Dose descriptor:
EL50
Effect conc.:
56 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
other: loading rate WAF
Basis for effect:
mobility
Remarks on result:
other: 95 % CL: 50 - 64 mg/L WAF
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
LOELR
Effect conc.:
56 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
other: loading rate WAF
Basis for effect:
mobility
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
NOELR
Effect conc.:
32 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
other: loading rate WAF
Basis for effect:
mobility
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
EL50
Effect conc.:
41 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
other: loading rate WAF
Basis for effect:
mobility
Remarks on result:
other: 95 % CL: 50 - 64 mg/L WAF
Details on results:
Microscopic inspection of the WAFs showed no micro-dispersions or undissolved test substance to be present. After siphoning and for the duration of the experiment, all test solutions were observed to be clear, colorless solutions.
Results with reference substance (positive control):
EC50(24h): 0.75 mg/L with 95 % CL of 0.56 - 1.00 mg/L
NOEC(24h): 0.56 mg/L
EC50(48h): 0.45 mg/L with 95 % CL of 0.42 - 0.48 mg/L
NOEC(48h): 0.32 mg/L
Reported statistics and error estimates:
Trimmed Spearman-Karber method (Hamilton et al, 1977) using ToxCalc computer software package (ToxCalc, 1999) for calculation of EL50 values and associated confidence limits. The trimmed Spearman-Karber method is appropriate when only one partial response is shown.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 1. Cumulative Immobilization Data in the Range-finding Test

Nominal
Loading Rate
[mg/L]

Cumulative Immobilized Daphnia
(Initial population: 10 per Replicate)

24 hours

48 hours

Control

0

0

10

0

0

100

7

8

 

Table 2. Cumulative Immobilization Data in the Definitive Test

Nominal
Loading Rate
[mg/L]

Cumulative Immobilized Daphnia
(Initial population: 5 per Replicate)

24 hours

48 hours

R1

R2

R3

R4

Total

%

R1

R2

R3

R4

Total

%

Control

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

10

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

18

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

32

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1*

5

56

3

2

3

2

10

50

5

5

5

5

20

100

100

5

5

5

5

20

100

5

5

5

5

20

100

* Single immobilized Daphnia considered being due to natural causes given that no further immobilization was observed to occur

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Remarks:
Validation criteria of the applied guideline are fulfilled.
Conclusions:
The report describes a valid guideline study conducted under certificated GLP compliance. The test solutions were prepared as Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs). The obtained 48h-EL50 value (41 mg/L WAF) that should be also applicable for the structurally similar long-chain homologue ‘1,3,4-Thiadiazolidine-2,5-dithione, reaction products with hydrogen peroxide and tert-dodecanethiol' leads to a certain toxicity concern of the test substance.
Executive summary:

The acute toxicity of the supporting substance '1,3,4-Thiadiazolidine-2,5-dithione, reaction products with hydrogen peroxide and tert-nonanethiol' towards Daphnia magna was investigated according to OECD 202 / EU Method C.2 under certificated GLP compliance. Daphnia magna is a freshwater representative of a wide variety of natural habitats and can therefore be considered as an important non-target organism in freshwater ecosystems. Based on the poor water solubility of the test substance (< 0.1 mg/L at 20°C), a modification of the standard method for the preparation of aqueous media was performed. Using the approach of Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs), based upon an approach by several important regulatory authorities in the EU and elsewhere, aqueous media are prepared by mixing the test substance with water for a prolonged period. Pre-study work showed that a preparation period of 24 hours was sufficient to ensure equilibration between the test substance and the water phase. After a 1-hour settlement period, the test substance is phase separated by siphon and the test organisms exposed to the aqueous phase or WAF. Following a preliminary range-finding test, twenty daphnids (4 replicates of 5 animals) were exposed to the WAFs over a range of nominal loading rates of 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L for 48 h at a temperature of 21 - 22 °C under static test conditions. The number of immobilized Daphnia and any adverse reactions to exposure were recorded after 24 and 48 hours. The water temperature was recorded daily, dissolved oxygen concentration and pH were recorded at the start and termination of the experiment. Immobilization of daphnids were observed after 24 h and 48 h. After an exposure period of 24 h 50 % of daphnids were immobilized at 56 mg/L WAF. Therefore, the EL50(24) is reported as 56 mg/L. After 48 h, all daphnids were immobilized at 56 mg/L WAF. Based on statistical interpolation, the EL50(48h) is determined as 41 mg/L with 95 % confidence limits of 39 - 43 mg/L WAF. The LOELR(48h) was considered to be 56 mg/L WAF and the NOELR(48h) is 32 mg/L WAF. Finally, the results should be also applicable for the structurally similar long-chain homologue ‘1,3,4-Thiadiazolidine-2,5-dithione, reaction products with hydrogen peroxide and tert-dodecanethiol'.