Amines, C16-18-(even numbered, saturated and unsaturated) alkyl, O,O-di-Bu phosphorothioates

Eye irritation

Administrative data

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

The study was conducted on 09 August 2016

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2016

Report date:

2016

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants)

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU method B.47 (Bovine corneal opacity and permeability test method for identifying ocular corrosives and severe irritants)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Amines, C16-18-(even numbered, saturated and unsaturated) alkyl, O,O-di-Bu phosphorothioates

Molecular formula:

Not applicable - UVCB

IUPAC Name:

Amines, C16-18-(even numbered, saturated and unsaturated) alkyl, O,O-di-Bu phosphorothioates

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

C16-18-(even numbered, saturated and unsaturated)-alkylamines

EC Number:

627-034-4

Cas Number:

1213789-63-9

Molecular formula:

R-NH2 R = alkyl mainly C16-18-(even numbered, saturated and unsaturated)-alkyl

IUPAC Name:

C16-18-(even numbered, saturated and unsaturated)-alkylamines

Test material form:

liquid

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Identification: X-19574
Physical state/Appearance: amber colored viscous liquid
Batch: X-19574-00-00
Purity: not supplied
Expiry Date: 01 June 2017
Storage Conditions: room temperature in the dark
For the purpose of this study the test item was used as supplied

Test animals / tissue source

Species:

cattle

Strain:

not specified

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

Eyes from adult cattle (typically 12 to 60 months old) were obtained from a local abattoir as a by-product from freshly slaughtered animals. The eyes were excised by an abattoir employee after slaughter, and were placed in Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) supplemented with antibiotics (penicillin at 100 IU/mL and streptomycin at 100 µg/mL). They were transported to the test facility over ice packs on the same day of slaughter. The corneas were prepared immediately on arrival.

Test system

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

yes, concurrent positive control

yes, concurrent negative control

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.75 mL
- Concentration (if solution): as supplied

Negative control (sodium chloride)
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.75 mL
- Concentration (if solution): 100%
- Lot/batch no. (if required): 3011424
- Purity: 0.9%

Positive control (ethanol)
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.75 mL
- Concentration (if solution): 100%
- Lot/batch no. (if required): STBD7546V
- Purity: >99.8%

Duration of treatment / exposure:

10 minutes

Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):

120 minutes

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

3

Details on study design:

-Preparation of Corneas
All eyes were macroscopically examined before and after dissection. Only corneas free of damage were used.
The cornea from each selected eye was removed leaving a 2 to 3 mm rim of sclera to facilitate handling. The iris and lens were peeled away from the cornea. The isolated corneas were immersed in a dish containing HBSS until they were mounted in Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) holders.
The anterior and posterior chambers of each BCOP holder were filled with complete Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM) without phenol red and plugged. The holders were incubated at 32 ± 1 ºC for 60 minutes. At the end of the incubation period each cornea was examined for defects. Only corneas free of damage were used.

-Selection of Corneas and Opacity Reading
The medium from both chambers of each holder was replaced with fresh complete EMEM.
A pre treatment opacity reading was taken for each cornea using a calibrated opacitometer. The average opacity for all corneas was calculated.
Three corneas with opacity values close to the median value of all corneas were allocated to the negative control. Three corneas were also allocated to the test item and three corneas to the positive control item.

-Treatment of Corneas
The EMEM was removed from the anterior chamber of the BCOP holder and 0.75 mL of the test item or control items were applied to the appropriate corneas. The holders were gently tilted back and forth to ensure a uniform application of the item over the entire cornea. Each holder was incubated, anterior chamber uppermost, at 32 ± 1 ºC for 10 minutes.
At the end of the exposure period the test item and control items were removed from the anterior chamber and the cornea was rinsed three times with fresh complete EMEM containing phenol red before a final rinse with complete EMEM without phenol red. The anterior chamber was refilled with fresh complete EMEM without phenol red. A post-treatment opacity reading was taken and each cornea was visually observed.
The holders were incubated, anterior chamber facing forward, at 32 ± 1 ºC for 120 minutes.
After incubation the holders were removed from the incubator, the medium from both chambers was replaced with fresh complete EMEM and a final opacity reading was taken. Each cornea was visually observed.

-Application of Sodium Fluorescein
Following the final opacity measurement the permeability of the corneas to sodium fluorescein was evaluated. The medium from the anterior chamber was removed and replaced with 1 mL of sodium fluorescein solution (4 mg/mL). The dosing holes were plugged and the holders incubated, anterior chamber uppermost, at 32 ± 1 ºC for 90 minutes.

-Permeability Determinations
After incubation the medium in the posterior chamber of each holder was decanted and retained.
360 µL of medium representing each cornea was applied to a designated well on a 96 well plate and the optical density at 492 nm (OD492) was measured using the Anthos 2001 microplate reader.

-Histopathology
The corneas were retained after testing for possible conduct of histopathology. Each cornea was placed into a pre labeled tissue cassette fitted with a histology sponge to protect the endothelial surface. The cassette was immersed in 10% neutral buffered formalin.

Results and discussion

In vitro

Results

Irritation parameter:

in vitro irritation score

Run / experiment:

1

Value:

4.9

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

not determinable

Other effects / acceptance of results:

ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: yes
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: yes

Any other information on results incl. tables

Corneal Opacity and Permeability Measurement

Individual and mean results are displayed in the table below

Treatment	Cornea Number	Opacity					Permeability (OD)		In VitroIrritancy Score
		Pre-Treatment	Post-Treatment	Post Incubation	Post-Incubation - Pre‑Treatment	Corrected Value		Corrected Value
Negative Control	1	3	3	3	0		0.006
	2	3	3	4	1		0.016
	3	3	4	4	1		0.006
					0.7*		0.009***		0.8
Positive Control	4	3	26	31	28	27.3	1.263	1.254
	5	3	18	21	18	17.3	1.324	1.315
	6	3	28	31	28	27.3	1.358	1.349
						24.0**		1.306**	43.6
Test Item	7	7	9	13	6	5.3	0.113	0.104
	8	2	4	6	4	3.3	0.067	0.058
	9	5	5	8	3	2.3	0.103	0.094
						3.7**		0.085**	4.9

OD= Optical density            * = Mean of the post-incubation -pre‑treatment values          ***= Mean permeability                     **= Mean corrected value

Corneal Epithelium Condition

The corneas treated with the test item were clear post treatment and clear post incubation.  The corneas treated with the negative control item were clear post treatment and post incubation.  The corneas treated with the positive control item were cloudy post treatment and post incubation. These results are summarised in the table below

Treatment	Cornea Number	Observation
		Post Treatment	Post Incubation
Negative Control	1	clear	clear
	2	clear	clear
	3	clear	clear
Positive Control	4	cloudy	cloudy
	5	cloudy	cloudy
	6	cloudy	cloudy
Test Item	7	clear	clear, greasy
	8	clear	clear, greasy
	9	clear	clear, greasy

In Vitro Irritancy Score

The In Vitro irritancy scores are summarized as follows:

Treatment	In Vitro Irritancy Score
Test Item	4.9
Negative Control	0.8
Positive Control	43.6

Criteria for an Acceptable Test

The positive control In Vitro Irritancy Score was within the range of 29.6 to 52.0.  The positive control acceptance criterion was therefore satisfied.

The negative control gave opacity of ≤2.9 and permeability ≤0.103.  The negative control acceptance criteria were therefore satisfied.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

study cannot be used for classification

Conclusions:

No prediction of eye irritation can be made.

Executive summary:

Introduction

The purpose of this test was to identify test items that can induce serious eye damage and to identify test items not requiring classification for eye irritation or serious eye damage. The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) test method is an organotypic model that provides short‑term maintenance of normal physiological and biochemical function of the bovine corneain vitro. In this test method, damage by the test item is assessed by quantitative measurements of changes in corneal opacity and permeability.

The test method can correctly identify test items (both chemicals and mixtures) inducing serious eye damage as well as those not requiring classification for eye irritation or serious eye damage, as defined by the United Nations (UN) Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Items (GHS) and EU Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) of chemicals (Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008), and it was therefore endorsed as scientifically valid for both purposes. Test items inducing serious eye damage are classified as UN GHS and EU CLP Category 1. Items not classified for eye irritation or serious eye damage are defined as those that do not meet the requirements for classification as UN GHS/ EU CLP Category 1 or 2 (2A or 2B), i.e. they are referred to as UN GHS/EU CLP No Category.

Method

The undiluted test item was applied for 10 minutes followed by an incubation period of 120 minutes. Negative and positive control items were tested concurrently. The two endpoints, decreased light transmission through the cornea (opacity) and increased passage of sodium fluorescein dye through the cornea (permeability) were combined in an empirically derived formula to generate anIn VitroIrritancy Score (IVIS)

Results

The In Vitro irritancy scores are as follows:

Test item - 4.9

Negative control - 0.8

Positive control - 43.6

Conclusion

No prediction of eye irritation can be made.