Benzenesulfonic acid, di-C10-14-alkyl derivs., sodium salts

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

The acute toxicity profile of benzenesulfonic acid, di-C10-14-alkyl derivs., sodium salts (registered and read across target substance) was not determined by actual acute toxicity studies. Instead, read across source substances were used to predict the acute toxicity of the registered (target) substance.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Acute toxicity: via oral route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: oral

Type of information:

read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Remarks:

Study conducted according to OECD Guidelines and to GLP, but not fully reported. However as this study is used in the context of a read across, Klimisch 2 is assigned.

Justification for type of information:

REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE CATEGORY APPROACH
1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE CATEGORY APPROACH
The read across follows Scenario 5 - Qualitatively and quantitatively similar effects are caused by a common compound, which is formed from all category members (as described in the 2017 Read-Across Assessment Framework document).
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES)
TARGET: Benzenesulfonic acid, di-C10-14-alkyl derivs., sodium salts
SOURCE: Sodium 4-icosylbenzenesulfonate
3. CATEGORY APPROACH JUSTIFICATION

Linear and non-linear or branched alkylbenzene sulfonates are anionic surfactants with molecules characterized by a hydrophobic (apolar) and a hydrophilic (polar) group. As a group of chemicals, they are generally mixtures of closely related isomers and homologues. Each molecule contains an aromatic ring sulfonated at the para position and attached to either a linear or a branched alkyl chain at any position except the terminal carbons. The sulfonate group is a common functional group present in each of the category members, and is expected to exhibit similar biological activities with little influence from the length of carbon chain. The cation components of the chemicals (e.g. calcium, magnesium, sodium, or barium) are not expected to contribute significantly to the toxicity.
4. DATA MATRIX
See Read Across document attached to CSR

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

yes

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

None provided in study report.

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on oral exposure:

MAXIMUM DOSE VOLUME APPLIED: 5000 mg/kg bw

Doses:

5000 mg/kg bw

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5

Control animals:

yes

Details on study design:

Animals were observed for 14 days following administration of the test substance.
Bodyweights were recorded on the day of dosing and at 2, 7 and 14 days after dosing.

Necropsy of survivors performed: yes

Clinical signs were observed and bodyweights measured.

Statistics:

No mortality occurred. Use of statistics not indicated.

Key result

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 5 000

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL not indicated. LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kg bw.

Mortality:

Mortality did not occur in treated animals.

Clinical signs:

Diarrhoea and reduced food intake were observed in one treated female on day one of dosing.

Body weight:

No significant change in bodyweights occurred in treated animals.

Gross pathology:

No treatment related effects were observed on necropsy.

Table 2: Number of animals dead [and with evident toxicity] [and time range within which mortality occurred]

 

Dose (mg/kg bw)	Mortality (# dead/total)			Time range of deaths (hours)	Number with evident toxicity (#/total)
	Male	Female	Combined		Male	Female	Combined
Control	0/5	0/5	0/10		0/5	0/5	0/10
5000	0/5	0/5	0/10		0/5	1/5	0/10

Interpretation of results:

Toxicity Category IV

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

Mortality did not occur at doses of 5000 mg/kg bw, therefore, and LD50 was not determined.

Executive summary:

In an acute oral toxicity study, groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (5/sex) were given a single oral dose of sodium 4-icosylbenzenesulfonate at doses of  0 or 5000  mg/kg bw and observed for 14 days.

 

No mortality occurred in this limit test, therefore an LD50 has not been determined.

This acute oral study is classified as acceptable. It satisfies the guideline requirement for an acute oral study OECD 401 in the rat. 

Reference 2

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: oral

Type of information:

read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Remarks:

Study not conducted to guidelines or GLP. However as this study is used in the context of a read across, Klimisch 2 is assigned.

Justification for type of information:

REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE CATEGORY APPROACH
1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE CATEGORY APPROACH
The read across follows Scenario 5 - Qualitatively and quantitatively similar effects are caused by a common compound, which is formed from all category members (as described in the 2017 Read-Across Assessment Framework document).
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES)
TARGET: Benzenesulfonic acid, di-C10-14-alkyl derivs., sodium salts
SOURCE: Sodium 4-icosylbenzenesulfonate
3. CATEGORY APPROACH JUSTIFICATION

Linear and non-linear or branched alkylbenzene sulfonates are anionic surfactants with molecules characterized by a hydrophobic (apolar) and a hydrophilic (polar) group. As a group of chemicals, they are generally mixtures of closely related isomers and homologues. Each molecule contains an aromatic ring sulfonated at the para position and attached to either a linear or a branched alkyl chain at any position except the terminal carbons. The sulfonate group is a common functional group present in each of the category members, and is expected to exhibit similar biological activities with little influence from the length of carbon chain. The cation components of the chemicals (e.g. calcium, magnesium, sodium, or barium) are not expected to contribute significantly to the toxicity.
4. DATA MATRIX
See Read Across document attached to CSR

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Adult albino male Sprague-Dawley rats were fasted for 24 hours, then given a single dose and placed in screen bottom cages with free access to water and laboratory chow for a two week observation period.

GLP compliance:

no

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Sex:

male

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on oral exposure:

MAXIMUM DOSE VOLUME APPLIED: 20000 mg/kg bw

Doses:

5000, 10000, 20000 mg/kg bw

No. of animals per sex per dose:

6 males

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days

Statistics:

Use of statistics not indicated.

Key result

Sex:

male

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 10 000 - < 20 000 mg/kg bw

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL not indicated

Mortality:

5/6 males died on the third day following dosing, the the 20000 mg/kg bw group.

Clinical signs:

No data.

Body weight:

No data.

Gross pathology:

No data.

Table 2: Number of animals dead [and with evident toxicity] [and time range within which mortality occurred]

 

Dose (mg/kg bw)	Mortality (# dead/total)			Time range of deaths (hours)	Number with evident toxicity (#/total)
	Male	Female	Combined		Male	Female	Combined
5000	0/6	0/0	0/6		unknown	unknown	unknown
10000	0/6	0/0	0/6		unknown	unknown	unknown
20000	5/6	0/0	0/6	72	unknown	unknown	unknown

Interpretation of results:

Toxicity Category IV

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

Mortality occurred at 20000 mg/kg bw, therefore the LD50 is between 10000 and 20000 mg/kg bw.

Executive summary:

In an acute oral toxicity study, groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (6 males) were given a single oral dose of C14-24 alkaryl calcium salt derivatives at 5000, 10000 or 20000 mg/kg bw and observed for 14 days.

Mortality occurred at 20000 mg/kg bw, therefore the LD50 is between 10000 and 20000 mg/kg bw.

This acute study is classified as acceptable. It satisfies the guideline requirement for an acute oral study in the rat.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Value:

5 000 mg/kg bw

Quality of whole database:

This acute oral study is classified as acceptable. It satisfies the guideline requirement for an acute oral study OECD 401 in the rat. 

Acute toxicity: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Acute toxicity: via dermal route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: dermal

Type of information:

read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Remarks:

Study conducted to OECD Guidelines and to GLP, but not fully reported. However as this study is used in the context of a read across, Klimisch 2 is assigned.

Justification for type of information:

REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE CATEGORY APPROACH
1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE CATEGORY APPROACH
The read across follows Scenario 5 - Qualitatively and quantitatively similar effects are caused by a common compound, which is formed from all category members (as described in the 2017 Read-Across Assessment Framework document).
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES)
TARGET: Benzenesulfonic acid, di-C10-14-alkyl derivs., sodium salts
SOURCE: Sodium 4-icosylbenzenesulfonate
3. CATEGORY APPROACH JUSTIFICATION

Linear and non-linear or branched alkylbenzene sulfonates are anionic surfactants with molecules characterized by a hydrophobic (apolar) and a hydrophilic (polar) group. As a group of chemicals, they are generally mixtures of closely related isomers and homologues. Each molecule contains an aromatic ring sulfonated at the para position and attached to either a linear or a branched alkyl chain at any position except the terminal carbons. The sulfonate group is a common functional group present in each of the category members, and is expected to exhibit similar biological activities with little influence from the length of carbon chain. The cation components of the chemicals (e.g. calcium, magnesium, sodium, or barium) are not expected to contribute significantly to the toxicity.
4. DATA MATRIX
See Read Across document attached to CSR

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

yes

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Approximately 24 hour prior to topical application of the test material, the hair of each control and treated animal was closely clipped.
A single dose of 2000 mg/kg of the undiluted test material was administered dermally to five male and female animals.

Type of coverage:

occlusive

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Duration of exposure:

24 hours

Doses:

2000 mg/kg bw

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5

Control animals:

yes

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days

- Frequency of observations and weighing: On day of dosing and day 7 and 14 following dosing.

- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes

- Other examinations performed: clinical signs observed each day

Statistics:

none, there was no mortallity

Key result

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 2 000 mg/kg bw

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL not indicated. LD50 is greater than 2000 mg/kg bw.

Mortality:

Mortality did not occur in treated animals.

Clinical signs:

No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in treated animals.

Body weight:

Significant decreases in bodyweight were observed in treated males on days 2, 7 and 14.

Gross pathology:

Skin irritation was observed for all treated animals. Multiple pinpoint scabs were observed in 3 treated males and 1 treated female.

Table 2: Number of animals dead [and with evident toxicity] [and time range within which mortality occurred]

 

Dose (mg/kg bw)	Conc. in vehicle (%)*	Mortality (# dead/total)			Time range of deaths (hours)	Number with evident toxicity (#/total)
		Male	Female	Combined		Male	Female	Combined
Control		0/5	0/5	0/10		0/5	0/5	0/10
2000		0/5	0/5	0/10		5/5	5/5	10/10

Interpretation of results:

Toxicity Category IV

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

Mortality did not occur at doses of 2000 mg/kg bw, therefore an LD50 was not determined.

Executive summary:

In an acute dermal toxicity study, groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (5/sex) were given a single dermal dose of sodium 4-icosylbenzenesulfonate at 2000 mg/kg bw and observed for 14 days.

No mortality occurred in this limit test, therefore an LD50 has not been determined.

This acute study is classified as acceptable. It satisfies the guideline requirement for an acute dermal study in the rat.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Value:

2 000 mg/kg bw

Quality of whole database:

This acute study is classified as acceptable. It satisfies the guideline requirement for an acute dermal study in the rat.

Additional information

An acute rat oral toxicity study conducted on sodium 4-icosylbenzenesulfonate (read across source substance) and according to OECD 401 the LD50 was reported to be >5000 mg/kg. In an acute rat dermal toxicity study conducted on sodium 4-icosylbenzenesulfonate and according to OECD 402, the LD50 was reported to be > 2000 mg/kg. No inhalation acute study was available as exposure via this route is unlikely based on vapor pressure of the substance and the unlikely possibility of exposure to aerosols, particles, or droplets of an inhalable size.

Justification for selection of acute toxicity – oral endpoint
In an acute oral toxicity study, groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (5/sex) were given a single oral dose of sodium 4-icosylbenzenesulfonate at doses of  0 or 5000  mg/kg bw and observed for 14 days. No mortality occurred in this limit test, therefore an LD50 has not been determined.

Justification for selection of acute toxicity – inhalation endpoint
Human exposure via inhalation is unlikely based on vapor pressure of the substance and the unlikely possibility of exposure to aerosols, particles, or droplets of an inhalable size.

Justification for selection of acute toxicity – dermal endpoint
In an acute dermal toxicity study, groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (5/sex) were given a single dermal dose of sodium 4-icosylbenzenesulfonate at 2000 mg/kg bw and observed for 14 days. No mortality occurred in this limit test, therefore an LD50 has not been determined.

Justification for classification or non-classification

No acute toxicity studies are available for benzenesulfonic acid, di-C10-14-alkyl derivs., sodium salts(read across target substance). However, acute toxicity studies on read across substances are available. Acute toxicity studies on read across source substances of sufficient quality and tested in accordance with standard methodology showed that the acute oral LD50 was > 5000 mg/kg in rats, and the acute dermal LD50 was >2000 mg/kg. The oral LD50 cutoff value for classification is 2000 mg/kg, and the dermal LD50 cutoff value is 2000 mg/kg. Based on lack of acute toxicity effects, no classification is warranted for the read across target substance, benzenesulfonic acid, di-C10-14-alkyl derivs., sodium salts.