2-chloro-4-nitrophenol

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Data is from peer reveiwed journal.

Justification for type of information:

Data is from peer reveiwed journal.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: As mention below

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Loss-of-equilibrium time and death time were measured for the tested chemical for 24 hrs with different species of fish.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- IUPAC Name: 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol
- Common Name: Nitrofungin
- Mol. formula: C6H4ClNO3
- Molecular Weight: 173.555 g/mol
- Smiles: c1(cc(c(O)cc1)Cl)[N+](=O)[O-]
- InChI: 1S/C6H4ClNO3/c7-5-3-4(8(10)11)1-2-6(5)9/h1-3,9H
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Remarks:

water or acetone

Details on sampling:

No data available

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

No data available

Test organisms (species):

other: Northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonenm)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Northern Pikeminnow
- Source: St. Maries River or Santa Creek, a tributary stream brought directly to the campus laboratory for immediate use.
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 5 to 10 cm long

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: varied from 3 to 24 hours but most fish were conditioned at least overnight.
- Feeding frequency: test fish were starved during acclimatization

Test type:

static

Water media type:

other: Rochat Creek.

Total exposure duration:

24 h

Hardness:

0-17 ppm

pH:

7.2

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal 3.5 mg/l

Details on test conditions:

- Test vessel: Vessel
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 4 liter
- Alkalinity: 7 ppm
- Test concentrations: 3.5mg/l

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Key result

Duration:

2 h

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

3.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: loss-of-equilibrium

Remarks on result:

other: equilibrium was defined as lost when a fish was no longer able to remain right-side-up

Key result

Duration:

4 h

Dose descriptor:

LC100

Effect conc.:

3.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: No more details known

Details on results:

No data available

Results with reference substance (positive control):

No data available

Reported statistics and error estimates:

No data available

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Based on the loss of equilibrium and complete mortality of fish, the LOEC was 3.5 mg/l for 0-2hrs and the LC100 value for phenol 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenol (619-08-9) to northern squawfish was determine to be 3.5 mg/l concentration at the 2-4hrs.

Executive summary:

The short term toxicity test was performed on northern squawfish for 24 hrs of test period. Fishes were taken from different sources and acclimatized 3 to 24 hrs and starvedduring acclimatization period. 3.5 ppm was the concentration of test chemical was used. pH, hardness, alkalinity was measured of source water. Loss of equilibrium time, and death time was measured.

 

But after 0-2 hrs loss of equilibrium was observed at the concentration of 3.5 mg/l and complete death occurred after the exposure of 2-4hours at the 3.5 mg/l. Thus it was concluded that the fishes loss equilibrium and died by test chemical after 2 and 4 hrs.

 

Based on the loss of equilibrium and complete mortality of fish, the LOEC was 3.5 mg/l for 0-2hrs and the LC100 value for phenol 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenol (619-08-9) to northern squawfish was determine to be 3.5 mg/l concentration at the 2-4hrs. 

Description of key information

The short term toxicity test was performed on northern squawfish for 24 hrs of test period. Fishes were taken from different sources and acclimatized 3 to 24 hrs and starvedduring acclimatization period. 3.5 ppm was the concentration of test chemical was used. pH, hardness, alkalinity was measured of source water. Loss of equilibrium time, and death time was measured.

 

But after 0-2 hrs loss of equilibrium was observed at the concentration of 3.5 mg/l and complete death occurred after the exposure of 2-4hours at the 3.5 mg/l. Thus it was concluded that the fishes loss equilibrium and died by test chemical after 2 and 4 hrs.

 

Based on the loss of equilibrium and complete mortality of fish, the LOEC was 3.5 mg/l for 0-2hrs and the LC100 value for phenol 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenol (619-08-9) to northern squawfish was determine to be 3.5 mg/l concentration at the 2-4hrs. 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

3.5 mg/L

Additional information

Based on the various experimental data for the target chemical study have been reviewed to determine the toxic nature of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (619-08-9) on the mortality of fishes. The studies are as mentioned below:

In the first experimental study for the 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (619-08-9) (from Bull.- For. Wild l. Range Exp. Sta.3:112 p., 1969), the short term toxicity test was performed on northern squawfish for 24 hrs of test period. Fishes were taken from different sources and acclimatized 3 to 24 hrs and starved during acclimatization period. 3.5 ppm was the concentration of test chemical was used. pH, hardness, alkalinity was measured of source water. Loss of equilibrium time, and death time was measured. After 0-2 hrs loss of equilibrium was observed at the concentration of 3.5 mg/l and complete death occurred after the exposure of 2-4hours at the 3.5 mg/l. Thus it was concluded that the fishes loss equilibrium and died by test chemical after 2 and 4 hrs. Based on the loss of equilibrium and complete mortality of fish, the LOEC was 3.5 mg/l for 0-2hrs and the LC100 value for phenol 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenol (619-08-9) to northern squawfish was determine to be 3.5 mg/l concentration at the 2-4hrs. 

Similarly in the second supporting study for the 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (619-08-9) (from Bull.- For. Wild l. Range Exp. Sta.3:112 p., 1969), toxicity was measured on the basis of loss of equilibrium and death. The short term toxicity test of phenol 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenol was performed on Chinook salmon, coho salmon and steelhead for 24 hrs of test period.  Fishes were taken from different sources and acclimatized 3 to 24 hrs and starved during acclimatization period. 3.5 mg/l was the concentration of test chemical was used. pH, hardness, alkalinity was measured of source water. Loss of equilibrium time, and death time was measured. After 0-2 hrs no effect was observed on the loss of equilibrium at the concentration of 3.5 mg/l and complete death occurred after the exposure of 0-2hours at the 3.5 mg/l. Based on the complete mortality of fishes, due to the exposure of phenol 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenol (619-08-9) to Chinook salmon, coho salmon and steelhead the LC100 was determine to be 3.5 mg/l concentration for 0-2hrs. Thus based on the LC100, it can be concluded that the chemical was toxic and can be consider to be classified as aquatic chronic 2 category as per the CLP classification criteria. But as the chemical was readily biodegradable so that the chemical can be consider to be nontoxic and consider as not classified as per the CLP classfication criteria.

Similarly in the third supporting study for the 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (619-08-9) (The Dictionary of Substances and their Effects, volume 5, 1999) Determination of short term toxicity of chemical 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenolon the growth of fishes Rainbow trout and white sucker. Test was performed for the 24hrs in which Rainbow trout and white sucker exposed to the chemical. After the exposure of chemical, no adverse effect was observed on the both fishes. Based on the mortality of Rainbow trout and white sucker due to the chemical 2-chloro-4-nitro phenol the NOEC was 2 mg/l for 24hrs. But as the chemical was readily biodegradable so that the chemical can be consider to be nontoxic and consider as not classified as per the CLP classfication criteria.

 

Similarly in the fourth supporting study for the 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (619-08-9) (The Dictionary of Substances and their Effects, volume 5, 1999). Determination of short term toxicity of chemical 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenolon the growth of fishes Threespine stickleback and rainbow trout. Test was performed for the 24hrs in which Threespine stickleback and rainbow trout exposed to the chemical. After the exposure of chemical, no adverse effect was observed on the both fishes. Based on the mortality of Three spine stickleback and rainbow troutdue to the chemical 2-chloro-4-nitro phenol the NOEC was 10 mg/l for 24hrs. On the basis of NOEC it can be concluded that the chemical was toxic and classified in aquatic chronic 2 category. But as the chemical was readily biodegradable so that the chemical can be consider to be nontoxic and consider as not classified as per the CLP classfication criteria.

 

Thus based on the above data source for target chemical 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (619-08-9), it was summarized that the chemical was toxic and can be consider to be classified as aquatic chronic 2 category as per the CLP classification criteria. But as the chemical was readily biodegradable so that the chemical can be consider to be nontoxic and consider as not classified as per the CLP classfication criteria.