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EC number: 237-384-6 | CAS number: 13768-67-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- fish embryo acute toxicity (FET)
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 2012
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Remarks:
- - Exposure duration in accordance with the 96-hour standard duration recommended in OECD 236 (Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) Test). - Analytical monitoring allowing to ascertain that actual concentrations are in adequation with nominal concentrations.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effects of rare earth elements La and Yb on the morphological and functional development of zebrafish embryos
- Author:
- Jun’an Cui, Zhiyong Zhang, Wei Bai, Ligang Zhang, Xiao He, Yuhui Ma, Yan Liu, Zhifang Chai
- Year:
- 2 012
- Bibliographic source:
- Journal of Environmental Sciences 24(2): 209–213
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- This study investigated the effects of the rare earth element Yb on the morphological and functional development of zebrafish embryos by exposing them to a control and a range of Yb3+ concentrations (0.01 to 1.0 mmol/L) for 96 hours. Early life stage parameters such as egg and embryo mortality, gastrula development, tail detachment, eyes, somite formation, circulatory system, pigmentation, malformations, hatching rate, length of larvae and mortality were investigated.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Test material form:
- solid
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material: Ytterbium chloride hydrate (YbCl3·xH2O, x ≈ 6)
- Source of test material: Purchased from Afa Aesar, UK
- Purity: 99.9% when expressed as equivalent Rare Earth Oxide (REO)
No other information are available.
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- No sampling details indicated
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: The stock solution of Yb3+ (10 mmol/L) was prepared by directly adding YbCl3·6H2O into Milli-Q water solution. A series of exposure liquid (0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L) were prepared by dilution with E3 medium. E3 medium (5 mmol/L NaCl, 0.17 mmol/L KC1, 0.33 mmol/L CaCl2 and 0.33 mmol/L MgSO4, pH (7.0 ± 1.0)) is the standard hatchery water for zebrafish eggs.
- Controls: Yes, test medium without test item.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)
- Details on test organisms:
- Zebrafish (D. rerio) were maintained in a closed flow through culture system filled with conditioned water (75 g NaHCO3, 18 g sea salt, 8.4 g CaSO4, per 1000 L; pH (7.0± 1.0); total hardness: 65 mg/L (as CaCO3); temperature: (27 ± 1)°C; conductivity: 485 μS/cm) in a 14 hr:10 hr light:dark cycle. They were fed twice daily with live brine shrimps (Artemia salina). On the evening before spawning, male and female fish (the number ratio of 2:1) were placed in a hatching box. Spawning was triggered once the light was turned on in the next morning and was completed within 1 hr. Viable eggs were collected and rinsed for at least three times with E3 medium (5 mmol/L NaCl, 0.17 mmol/L KC1, 0.33 mmol/L CaCl2 and 0.33 mmol/L MgSO4, pH (7.0 ± 1.0)), which is the standard hatchery water for zebrafish eggs.
To ensure the developmental synchronization at the beginning of exposure, the embryos at about 2.5–3.0 hr post fertilization (hpf) were sorted under a stereo microscope. Healthy embryos at blastula stage were then subjected to Yb3+ exposure.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Remarks:
- E3 medium (5 mmol/L NaCl, 0.17 mmol/L KC1, 0.33 mmol/L CaCl2 and 0.33 mmol/L MgSO4, pH (7.0 ± 1.0)), which is the standard hatchery water for zebrafish eggs.
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- Direct observations were performed in the wells under a stereo microscope (20 × 1.5) connected to a camera device at specific timepoints (8, 24, 32, 48–60, 72, and 96 hr), during the period of 48–60 hr, and records were made every 2 hr (Bai et al., 2010).
- Post exposure observation period:
- no
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- not indicated
- Test temperature:
- 27 ± 1°C
- pH:
- 7.0 ± 1.0
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not indicated
- Salinity:
- not indicated
- Conductivity:
- not indicated
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L
Actual concentrations: 0, 0.00995, 0.0992, 0.298, 0.496 and 0.993 mmol/L - Details on test conditions:
- - 14 hr:10 hr light:dark photoperiod
- The assay is mainly based on the embryo test procedure developed by Schulte and Nagel (1994). Briefly, twenty-four eggs were transferred into a 24-well multi-plates with one embryo per well. Twenty wells were filled with 2 mL of Yb3+ solutions, and the remaining four wells were filled with 2 mL E3 (5 mmol/L NaC1, 0.17 mmol/L KC1, 0.33 mmol/L CaC12 and 0.33 mmol/L MgSO4, pH = (7.0 ± 1.0)) medium to act as controls. All of the multi-plates were covered with transparent plastic films and placed in an illumination incubator at (27 ±1)°C with a 14 hr:10 hr light:dark photoperiod. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.268 mmol/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Yb3+
- Basis for effect:
- other: hatching rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: equivalent to 46.375 mg Yb+3/L
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.01 - < 0.1 mmol/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Yb+3
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: equivalent to 1.73 to 17.30 Yb+3 mg/L
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.01 mmol/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Yb+3
- Basis for effect:
- other: body length
- Remarks on result:
- other: equivalent to 1.730 Yb+3 mg/L
- Details on results:
- Analytical monitoring has revealed that actual concentrations were in good agreement with nominal ones. Therefore, expressing the results based on either nominal or measured concentrations has no influence on the conclusions.
While the LC50 for hatching rate was directly given in the publication, the LC50 for mortality and the NOEC for body length were deduced from the graphes. In the publication, all data are expressed in mmol/L Yb3+. For the purpose of this registration dossier, they were converted in mg/L Yb3+. As the registered substance is anhydrous ytterbium trinitrate, the data were further converted as follows:
Hatching rate:
72h-LC50 = 0.268 mmol/L Yb3+
72h-LC50 = 46.375 mg/L Yb3+
72h-LC50 = 96.225 mg/L anhydrous ytterbium trinitrate
Mortality:
96h-LC50 = 0.01 to 0.1 mmol/L Yb3+
96h-LC50 = 1.73 to 17.30 mg/L Yb3+
96h-LC50 = 3.59 to 35.91 mg/L anhydrous ytterbium trinitrate
Body length:
96h-LC50 = 0.01 mmol/L Yb3+
96h-LC50 = 1.73 mg/L Yb3+
96h-LC50 = 3.59 mg/L anhydrous ytterbium trinitrate - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical package SPSS 10.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., USA). Data are presented as the (mean ± SD). The data were tested for homogeneity and normality. If these assumptions were met, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. Otherwise, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was performed. Significance level was set as p < 0.05.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- After exposure of embryos of Zebrafish to concentrations of Ytterbium chloride hydrate of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L, the 72h - LC50 (hatching rate) was estimated to be 0.268 mmol of Yb+3 /L (equivalent to 46.375 mg of Yb+3/L), the 96h - LC50 (mortality) was estimated to be between 0.01 and 0.1 mmol of Yb+3 /L (equivalent to 1.73 to 17.30 mg of Yb+3/L) and the 96h - NOEC (body length) was estimated to be 0.01 mmol of Yb+3 /L (equivalent to 1.73 mg of Yb+3/L).
- Executive summary:
In a publication by Cui et al (2012), the effect of ytterbium chloride hydrate on the morphological and functional development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were studied. The embryos were exposed to concentration of Yb3+ of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L. Early life stage parameters such as egg and embryo mortality, gastrula development, tail detachment, eyes, somite formation, circulatory system, pigmentation, malformations, hatching rate, length of larvae and mortality were investigated. The 72h - LC50 (hatching rate) was reported to be 0.268 mmol of Yb+3 /L (equivalent to 46.375 mg of Yb+3/L), which corresponds to 96.225 mg ytterbium trinitrate/L. The 96h - LC50 (mortality) was reported to be between 0.01 and 0.1 mmol of Yb+3 /L (equivalent to 1.73 to 17.30 mg of Yb+3/L), which corresponds to 3.59 to 35.91 mg ytterbium trinitrate/L. The 96h - NOEC (body length) was reported to be 0.01 mmol of Yb+3 /L (equivalent to 1.73 mg of Yb+3/L), which corresponds to 3.591 mg ytterbium trinitrate/L. The author concluded that Yb3+ delayed zebrafish embryo and larval development, decreased survival and hatching rates, and caused tail malformation in a concentration-dependent way.
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