2-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,7-disulphonic acid

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

Data is from OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 and the QMRF report has been attached.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Prediction was done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4. in which OECD guideline 202 followed.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material: 2-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,7-disulfonic acid
- Molecular formula: C10H9NO7S2
- Molecular weight: 319.3131 g/mol
- Smiles notation: c1cc(c(c2c1c(cc(c2)S(=O)(=O)O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)N
- InChl: 1S/C10H9NO7S2/c11-8-2-1-6-7(10(8)20(16,17)18)3-5(4-9(6)12)19(13,14)15/h1-4,12H,11H2,(H,13,14,15)(H,16,17,18)
- Physical state: Solid
- Substance type: Organic

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Water flea

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Remarks on exposure duration:

No data available

Test temperature:

19 - 21°C

pH:

3.89 - 8.1

Dissolved oxygen:

8.12 - 9.72 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Estimated

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

116.756 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

estimated

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: No more details known

Details on results:

After the exposure of 48hrs, the EC50 was 116.755 mg/l.

The prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following descriptors: EC50
Estimation method: Takes average value from the 5 nearest neighbours
Domain  logical expression:Result: In Domain

(((((((("a" or "b" or "c" or "d" or "e" or "f" )  and ("g" and ( not "h") )  )  and ("i" and ( not "j") )  )  and "k" )  and "l" )  and "m" )  and "n" )  and ("o" and "p" )  )

Domain logical expression index: "a"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Naphthalene sulfonic acids, condensates by OECD HPV Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "b"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Anilines (Acute toxicity) by US-EPA New Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "c"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Non-covalent interaction AND Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation AND Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines AND Radical AND Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) AND Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines AND SN1 AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.4

Domain logical expression index: "d"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Strong binder, NH2 group AND Strong binder, OH group by Estrogen Receptor Binding

Domain logical expression index: "e"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as AN2 AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  >> Substituted Anilines by Protein binding by OASIS v1.4

Domain logical expression index: "f"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acid moiety AND Anilines (Unhindered) AND Phenol Amines AND Phenols by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR

Domain logical expression index: "g"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "h"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> Direct Addition of an Acyl Halide OR Acylation >> Direct Addition of an Acyl Halide >> Alkyl carbamyl halides OR Michael addition OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Arenes OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Hydroquinones OR SN1 OR SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation OR SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation >> Aliphatic tertiary amines OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic azo OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic nitro OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Primary aromatic amine OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Secondary aromatic amine OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Tertiary aromatic amine by DNA binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "i"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Not possible to classify according to these rules by DPRA Cysteine peptide depletion

Domain logical expression index: "j"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Low reactive OR Low reactive >> Sulfanilic acid derivatives OR Moderate reactive OR Moderate reactive >> Activated 1,3,5-triazine derivatives by DPRA Cysteine peptide depletion

Domain logical expression index: "k"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Class 5 (Not possible to classify according to these rules) by Acute aquatic toxicity classification by Verhaar (Modified) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "l"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Reactive unspecified by Acute aquatic toxicity MOA by OASIS ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "m"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Bioavailable by Lipinski Rule Oasis ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "n"

Similarity boundary:Target: Nc1ccc2c(O)cc(S(O)(=O)=O)cc2c1S(O)(=O)=O
Threshold=30%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization

Domain logical expression index: "o"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= -3.46

Domain logical expression index: "p"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= -0.787

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The EC50 value was estimated to be 116.755 mg/l when 2-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,7-disulfonic acid exposed to Daphnia magna for 48 hrs.

Executive summary:

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, toxicity on Daphnia magna predicted for 2-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,7-disulfonic acid (6535 -70 -2). The EC50 value was estimated to be 116.755 mg/l when 2-amino-5 -hydroxynaphthalene- 1,7-disulfonic acid exposed to Daphnia magna for 48 hrs. Thus the chemical can be consider to be not toxic to the growth of aquatic invertebrates.

Description of key information

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, toxicity on Daphnia magna predicted for 2-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,7-disulfonic acid (6535 -70 -2). The EC50 value was estimated to be 116.755 mg/l when 2-amino-5 -hydroxynaphthalene- 1,7-disulfonic acid exposed to Daphnia magna for 48 hrs. Thus the chemical can be consider to be not toxic to the growth of aquatic invertebrates.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

116.755 mg/L

Additional information

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Various predicted data for the target compound 2-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,7-disulfonic acid (6535 -70 -2) and supporting weight of evidence studies for its closest read across substance with log Kow as the primary descriptor were reviewed for the toxicity on the invertebrates end point which are summarized as below:

 

In a prediction done by SSS (2017), Based on using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, toxicity on Daphnia magna predicted for 2-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,7-disulfonic acid (6535 -70 -2). The EC50 value was estimated to be 116.755 mg/l when 2-amino-5 -hydroxynaphthalene- 1,7-disulfonic acid exposed to Daphnia magna for 48 hrs. Thus the chemical can be consider to be not toxic to the growth of aquatic invertebrates.

 

Similarly in a supporting weight of evidence study from ABITEC report 2016 for read across chemical 4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,7-disulphonic acid (130-23-4) toxicity experiment was conducted for evaluating the effect of read across substance. Determination of the inhibition of the mobility of daphnids was carried out with the substance 4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,7-disulphonic acid according to OECD Guideline 202. The test substance was tested at the concentrations of 0 for 3 controls and 5, 10, 25, 100, 200 mg/L for test chemical. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours. The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance, 4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,7-disulphonic acid, in Daphnia magna was determined to be 500 mg/L for immobilisation effects. This value indicates that the substance 4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,7-disulphonic acid is likely to be non-hazardous to aquatic invertebrates and cannot be classified as toxic as per the CLP criteria.

 

Similarly in a second supporting weight of evidence study from ABITEC report 2016 for read across chemical 5-amino-4-hydroxy-3-(phenylazo)naphthalene-2,7- disulphonate (3567-66-6), Determination of the inhibition of the mobility of daphnids was carried out with the substance 5-amino-4-hydroxy-3-(phenylazo)naphthalene -2,7-disulphonate according to OECD Guideline 202. The test substance was tested at the limit concentrations of 100 mg/l for test chemical. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours. The NOEC for the test substance, disodium 5-amino-4-hydroxy-3-(phenylazo)naphthalene-2,7-disulphonate, in Daphnia magna was determined to be 100 mg/L on the basis of mobility inhibition effects in a 48 hour study. This value indicates that the substance 5-amino-4-hydroxy-3-(phenylazo) naphthalene-2,7-disulphonate is likely to be non-hazardous to aquatic invertebrates and cannot be classified as toxic as per the CLP criteria.

 

On the basis of above results for target chemical 2-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,7-disulfonic acid (6535 -70 -2) (from OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4, 2017) and for its read across substance from ABITEC report, it can be concluded that the test substance 2-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,7-disulfonic acid is not toxic and can be consider to be not classified as toxic as per the CLP classification criteria.