2-[2-[4-[(2-cyanoethyl)methylamino]phenyl]vinyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium hydrogen sulphate

Eye irritation

Administrative data

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

7 Jun 2016 to 17 Mar 2017

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Justification for type of information:

Using the currently available methods a single in vitro assay is not sufficient to cover the full range of eye irritating potential. Therefore, two assays are part of this in vitro eye irritation test strategy: The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test (BCOP) and EpiOcular Eye Irritation Test. The objective of the EpiOcular test is to assess the eye irritation potential of the test substance using the reconstructed human ocular tissue model EpiOcularTM.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2017

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 492 (Reconstructed Human Cornea-like Epithelium (RhCE) Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Not Requiring Classification and Labelling for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)

Version / remarks:

28 July 2015

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

2-[2-[4-[(2-cyanoethyl)methylamino]phenyl]vinyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium hydrogen sulphate

EC Number:

276-586-9

EC Name:

2-[2-[4-[(2-cyanoethyl)methylamino]phenyl]vinyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium hydrogen sulphate

Cas Number:

72319-18-7

Molecular formula:

C23H26N3.HO4S

IUPAC Name:

2-[2-[4-[(2-cyanoethyl)methylamino]phenyl]vinyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium hydrogen sulphate

Test material form:

solid

Specific details on test material used for the study:

SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Name of test substance as used in report: Basic Red 14 sulfate
- Test-substance No.: 16/0122-1
- Batch identification: Lot 4030158820
- Purity test date: 100 area-% (HPLC)
- Content: 100 g/100 g (Titration)

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature

OTHER SPECIFICS
- Physical state / color: Solid / violet to sparkling dark blue

Test animals / tissue source

Species:

human

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

TISSUE MODEL
The EpiOcularTM model (OCL-200) is a three-dimensional non-keratinized tissue construct composed of normal human derived epidermal keratinocytes used to model the human corneal epithelium. The EpiOcularTM tissues (surface 0.6 cm²) are cultured on cell culture inserts (MILLICELLs®, 10 mm diameter) and are commercially available as kits (EpiOcular™ 200), containing 24 tissues on shipping agarose.
Tissue model: OCL-200
Tissue Lot Number: 23713
Supplier: MatTek In Vitro Life Science Laboratories, Bratislava, Slovakia

MATERIALS AND TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT
- Laminar flow bench: HERAsafe KS 18 (Thermo ELECTRON CORPORATION)
- CO2 incubator: Heraeus BBD 6220
- Incubation conditions: 37°C ± 1°C, 5% ± 1% CO2, 90% ± 5% humidity
- Spectrophotometer: SunriseTM Absorbance Reader. For the determination of the optical density of colored extracts. Measurement using a filter wavelength 570 nm without reference filter
- EpiOcular™ OCL-200 kit: MatTek In Vitro Life Science Laboratories, Bratislava, Slovakia containing: 24 OCL-200 tissues (reconstructed cornea): surface 0.6 cm² cultured in Millicells® (1 cm diameter)
- Tissue for MTT-reduction control: OCL-200 tissue that is killed by freezing at –20°C
- Assay medium: OCL-200-ASY assay medium
- MTT diluent: Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (DMEM) based medium used for diluting MTT (MatTek In Vitro Life Science Laboratories, Bratislava, Slovakia / Sigma, Germany)
- Pre-treatment / wash buffer: Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (PBS), w/o Ca2+, Mg2+ (MatTek In Vitro Life Science Laboratories, Bratislava, Slovakia and Biochrom, Germany)
- Detection agent: 3-[4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) (MatTek In Vitro Life Science Laboratories, Bratislava, Slovakia and Sigma, Germany), 1.0 mg / mL MTT diluent
- Extracting agent: Isopropanol p.a.

Test system

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

yes, concurrent positive control

yes, concurrent negative control

other: MTT reduction control; Color control; Killed color control

Amount / concentration applied:

50 μL (about 23 mg)

Duration of treatment / exposure:

6 hours

Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):

18 hours

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

2

Details on study design:

DIRECT MTT REDUCTION
- To assess the ability of the test material to directly reduce MTT a pretest (experimental conduct in accordance with GLP but without a GLP status) was performed. The test substance was added to 0.9 mL of the MTT solution. The mixture was incubated in the dark at about 37 °C for 3 hours. A negative control (de-ionized water) was tested concurrently. If the MTT solution color or, in case of water-insoluble test substances the border to the water-phase, turned blue / purple, the test substance was presumed to directly reduce MTT.
- The direct reduction of MTT by a test substance interferes with the color density produced by metabolic capacity of the tissue and would falsify the test results.
- In case where direct MTT reduction occurred, two freeze-killed control tissues each were treated with the test article and the negative control, in the same way as described in the following section.
- Due to the intense color of the test substance it was not possible to evaluate whether or not the test substance is able to reduce MTT directly, therefore freeze-killed control tissues (KC) were treated with the test article and the negative control in the same way as the incubations.

COLOR CONTROL
- The color of a test substance may interfere with the color density produced by metabolic capacity of the tissue and would falsify the test results when residues of the test substance remain on the tissues after washing and are extracted by the isopropanol.
- Due to the color of the test substance a pretest (experimental conduct in accordance with GLP but without a GLP status) was performed as follows: the test substance was applied to a KC tissue, incubated for 6 hours and removed by washing. Thereafter extraction in isopropanol was performed and the OD570 of the extract was determined spectrophotometrically.
- Based on the result of the pretest it was judged that application of color control tissues is necessary.

BASIC PROCEDURE
- Several test substances were tested in parallel within the present test using the same control tissues (negative control, NC and positive control, PC).
- Two tissues were treated with each, the test substance, the PC and the NC. In addition two killed tissues were used for each, the test substance and the NC, in order to detect direct MTT reduction.
- Further, color controls were performed in order to differentiate formazan produced by the cells in the MTT test from color residues of the test substance. Two further viable tissues (CC) and two further KCs (KC CC) were treated with the test substance. During MTT-incubation these CC-tissues were placed in medium without MTT.
- There are two separate protocols for liquids and solids, differing in exposure time and postincubation period. Due to the physical state of the test substance the protocol for solids was applied.

PRE-INCUBATION OF THE TISSUES
- On the day of arrival in the laboratory, the tissues were transferred to sterile 6-well plates with 1 mL assay medium and preconditioned in the incubator at 37°C. After 1 hour the preincubation medium was replaced with fresh medium and preconditioning continued in the incubator at standard culture conditions for 16 – 24 hours.

PRETREATMENT OF THE TISSUES
- After the pre-incubation, the tissues were pre-treated with 20 μL of PBS in order to wet the tissue surface. The tissues were incubated at standard culture conditions for 30 minutes.

APPLICATION OF THE TEST SUBSTANCE
- Using a sharp spoon, a bulk volume of ca. 50 µL of the test material was applied covering the whole tissue surface.
- Control tissues were concurrently applied with 50 µL of sterile de-ionized water (NC, NC KC) or with 50 µL of methyl acetate (PC) or test substance (KC, CC and KC CC).
- After application, the tissues were placed into the incubator until the total exposure time of 6 hours was completed.

REMOVAL OF THE TEST SUBSTANCE AND POSTINCUBATION PERIOD
- To remove the test substance, the tissues were washed with sterile PBS. For this purpose the tissues were immersed and swiveled three times in each of three beakers filled with PBS. Washed tissues were immediately immersed into 12-well plates, pre-filled with 5 mL/well prewarmed medium (post-soak immersion) in order to remove residual test substance. After 25 minutes of post-soak immersion, each tissue was dried on absorbent paper and transferred to fresh 6-well plates filled with 1 mL/well pre-warmed medium.
- Subsequently, the tissues were incubated at standard culture conditions for 18 hours (postincubation period).

MTT INCUBATION
- After the post-incubation period, the assay medium was replaced by 0.3 mL MTT solution and the tissues were incubated in the incubator for 3 hours.
- After incubation, the tissues were washed with PBS to stop the MTT-incubation.
- The formazan that was metabolically produced by the tissues was extracted by incubation of the tissues in isopropanol at room temperature overnight or for at least 2 hours on a plate shaker. The optical density at a wavelength of 570 nm (OD570) of the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically. Blank values were established of 4 microtiter wells filled with isopropanol for each microtiter plate.

METHODS FOR MEASURED ENDPOINTS
- Principle: The OD570 values determined for the various tissues are measures of their viability. The ratio of the OD570 of tissues treated with the test material and the mean OD570 values of the NC (percent of control) is used for evaluating whether or not a test material was an irritant.
- Calculation of individual and mean optical densities: The corrected measured OD570 value for each individual tissue was calculated by subtracting the mean blank value of the respective microtiter plate from the respective individual tissue OD570 value. The mean OD570 for a test group of two tissues treated in the same way was calculated.
- Application of measurements using killed control tissues: In case of direct reduction of MTT by the test substance, the OD570 values measured in the freeze-killed control tissues (KC) will be used to correct the mean OD570 of the test-substance treated tissues (mean OD570 KC corrected). Since killed tissue might still have a residual enzyme activity that is able to produce some formazan net OD570 KC is calculated by subtracting the OD570 KC of the NC from the OD570 KC of the test substance. In case the net OD570 KC is greater than zero it is subtracted from the respective mean OD570 to result in the mean OD570 KC corrected. The mean OD570 KC corrected represents the formazan production linked to the tissue viability and therefore indicates the cytotoxic potency of the test substance.
- Tissue viability: The quantification of tissue viability is presented as the ratio of the mean OD570 (or mean OD570 KC corrected, if applicable) divided by the respective OD570 NC value in percent.

ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
- Barrier function and Quality control (QC): The supplier demonstrates that each batch of the model used meets the defined production release criteria. MatTek determines the ET50 (min) value following exposure to 100 μL of 0.3% Triton X-100 for each EpiOcularTM EIT (OCL-200) batch. The ET50 must fall within a range established based on a historical database of results. The following acceptability range (upper and lower limit) for the ET50 is established by the supplier as described in the cited OECD Guideline. Lower acceptance limit: ET50 = 12.2 min; Upper acceptance limit: ET50 = 37.5 min
- Acceptance criteria for the NC: The absolute OD570 of the NC-tissues in the MTT-test is an indicator of tissue viability obtained in the testing laboratory after the shipping and storing procedure and under specific conditions of the assay. Tissue viability is acceptable if the mean OD570 of the NC is > 0.8. The mean OD570 of the NC should not exceed 2.5.
- Acceptance criteria for the PC: Methyl acetate used as PC usually leads to a tissue viability of approx. 25%. A viability of < 50% is acceptable.
- Acceptance criteria for tissue variability: Two tissues were treated under the same conditions. A variability between the the two tissues is considered to be acceptable if the relative difference of the viability is < 20%.
- Acceptance criteria for the KC: The OD570 of the killed control tissues treated as negative control should be ≤ 0.35. The value for direct MTTreduction of a test substance should be ≤ 30% of the NC.
- Acceptance criteria for the CC: The OD570 value for the color control of a test substance should be ≤ 30% of the OD570 of the NC.

EVALUATION OF RESULTS
- The irritation potential of the test materials is predicted from the mean relative tissue viabilities compared to the negative control tissues concurrently treated with sterile water. A chemical is considered as "irritant", if the mean relative tissue viability with a test material is less than or equal to 60%.
- A single test composed of at least two tissue replicates should be sufficient for a test chemical when the result is unequivocal. However, in cases of borderline results, such as nonconcordant replicate measurements and/or mean percent tissue viability equal to ±5% of the cut-off value, a second test should be considered, as well as a third one in case of discordant results between the first two tests.

DECISION CRITERIA
See table in 'Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables'

Results and discussion

In vitro

Results

Irritation parameter:

other: viability

Run / experiment:

mean viability

Value:

0.3

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

other: Viability after correction based on color controls.

Other effects / acceptance of results:

ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria for negative control are met.
- Acceptance criteria for positive control are met.
- Acceptance criteria for variability between replicate measurements are met.
- Acceptance criteria for killed control tissues are met.
- Acceptance criteria for collor control are met.

OTHER
Color control: The values of the color control tissues indicate interference due to the color of the test substance (mean value 4.1% of NC). The results of the KC tissues did not indicate an increased MTT reduction. Thus, for the test substance the final mean viability is given after CC correction.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria

Remarks:

The result of the EpiOcular Test was positive and the test substance was assessed to be (at least) irritating. The EpiOcular Test alone does usually not allow for differentiation between Category 1 and Category 2. However, the results from the EpiOcular study are univocal, demonstrating clear toxicity (only 0.3% viable cells left after treatment). On basis of the result of this study, using expert judgement, it is concluded that the substance has to be considered as corrosive to the eyes: Category 1, irreversible eye damage'.