Dicadmium tin tetraoxide

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: other: various in vitro systems

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Cadmium Metal and Cadmium Oxide - Summary Risk Assessment Report

Author:

Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Chemicals Bureau

Year:

2008

Bibliographic source:

European Union Risk Assessment Report, Cadmium Oxide and Cadmium Metal. Part II Human Health (publication EUR 22766 EN), Volume 75. 4.1.2.8.2 pp 369-373.

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.5265 (The Salmonella typhimurium Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of assay:

bacterial gene mutation assay

Test material

Reference

Name:

Unnamed

Type:

Constituent

Type:

Constituent

Type:

Constituent

Results and discussion

Additional information on results:

Cadmium oxide (particle size not given) at doses of 1466 μg/ml or 147 μg/ml did
not induce reverse mutations (Mortelmans, 1986 cited in IARC 1993). No genotoxic effects
were noted when CdO was tested at doses of 3.3 to 3333 μg CdO/plate in four strains of
Salmonella, using a preincubation protocol with and without liver S9 metabolic activation
enzymes (from Aroclor-induced male SD rats and Syrian hamsters) (Zeiger et al., 1992 cited
in NTP Technical Report, 1995).

Any other information on results incl. tables

There is some evidence that treatment of bacteria with Cd ions results in strand breaks (or at least DNA of smaller weight). This was first seen in E.Coli by Mitra et al. (1975). Authors reported moreover a cadmium tolerance mechanism in this strain: growing E.Coli in 3 μM Cd2+ led to an initial decrease in colony-forming ability followed by a gradual accommodation of the cells. During the initial phase, cellular DNA was found to contain single strand breaks which were later repaired (Mitra et al., 1975 cited in IARC 1992).

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

No in vitro study using cadmium metal was identified. Bacterial tests with cadmium oxide yielded negative results.Data from experimental systems indicate that cadmium, in certain forms, has genotoxic properties and it is reasonable to assume that these properties may also apply to CdO and Cd metal. No other test system using cadmium oxide was located. Most of the located in vitro studies used water-soluble cadmium chloride. Because of the similarity of the candidate substance to cadmium oxide, it is assumed that the candidate substance may be potentially genotoxic similar to cadmium oxide.