Benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate

Long-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

fish, juvenile growth test

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Data is from peer reviewed journal

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: as per mentioned below

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Chronic toxicity test was performed on pimephales promelas by benzylparaben for 7 days.

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No data available

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Details on sampling:

No data available

Vehicle:

not specified

Details on test solutions:

No data available

Test organisms (species):

Pimephales promelas

Details on test organisms:

Details on test organisms
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Fathead minnow
- Strain: No data available
- Source: No data available
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 24 h post hatch larvae
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): No data available
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): No data available
- Method of breeding: No data available
- Feeding during test: Yes
- Food type: newly hatched Artemia nauplii
- Amount: No data available
- Frequency: twice daily

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: No data available
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): No data available
- Type and amount of food: No data available
- Feeding frequency: No data available
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): No data available

QUARANTINE (wild caught)
- Duration: No data available
- Health/mortality: No data available

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

7 d

Post exposure observation period:

No data available

Hardness:

160 to 175 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

24°C

pH:

8.2 to 8.8

Dissolved oxygen:

No data available

Salinity:

No data available

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Five concentrations mention but not specified.

Details on test conditions:

Details on test conditions
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: No data available
- Type (delete if not applicable): No data available
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 250 ml
- Aeration: Yes
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): No data available
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): mention but not specified
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): four replicates
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): No data available
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): No data available
- Biomass loading rate: No data available

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: test solution + a RHW and 0.1% acetone solvent control
- Total organic carbon: No data available
- Particulate matter: No data available
- Metals: No data available
- Pesticides: No data available
- Chlorine: No data available
- Alkalinity: 110 to 120 mg/L as CaCO3
- Ca/mg ratio: No data available
- Conductivity: 535 to 588 µS/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: No data available
- Intervals of water quality measurement: No data available

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: 8.2 to 8.8
- Photoperiod: 16:8 light: dark cycle
- Light intensity: No data available

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : No data available

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: No data available
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: No data available
- Range finding study: Half of the LC50 determined from the acute test was used as the highest sub chronic exposure concentration.
- Test concentrations: five concentration was mention but values are not specified (range from 1.0 to 25 mg/L)
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: No data available

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

1.7 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Details on results:

No data available

Results with reference substance (positive control):

No data available

Reported statistics and error estimates:

No data available

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The endpoint for benzylparaben (94-18-8) long term toxicity to P. promelas was found to be LOEC at 1.7 mg/L concentration.

Executive summary:

Long term toxicity to fish was performed for 7 days at five different concentrations ranges from 1.0 to

25 mg/L. Four replicates of 10 P. promelas in 250 ml of test solution for each concentration were prepared and renewed daily. Fish were fed twice daily and mortality was observed daily. After 7 d of exposure, average weight per fish was calculated and compared to the control.

So, on the basis of above result the endpoint for benzylparaben (94-18-8) long term toxicity to P. promelas was found to be LOEC at 1.7 mg/L concentration.

Description of key information

Long term toxicity to fish was performed for 7 days at five different concentrations ranges from 1.0 to 25 mg/L. Four replicates of 10 P. promelas in 250 ml of test solution for each concentration were prepared and renewed daily. Fish were fed twice daily and mortality was observed daily. After 7 d of exposure, average weight per fish was calculated and compared to the control. So, on the basis of above result the endpoint for benzylparaben (94-18-8) long term toxicity to P. promelas was found to be LOEC at 1.7 mg/L concentration.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

0.02 mg/L

Additional information

Various studies were reviewed along with the prediction data to evaluate the effect of the test compound on long term toxicity to fish. These are summarized as follows:

 

Long term toxicity to fish was performed for 7 days at five different concentrations ranges from 1.0 to 25 mg/L. Four replicates of 10 P. promelas in 250 ml of test solution for each concentration were prepared and renewed daily. Fish were fed twice daily and mortality was observed daily. After 7 d of exposure, average weight per fish was calculated and compared to the control. So, on the basis of above result the endpoint for benzylparaben (94-18-8) long term toxicity to P. promelas was found to be LOEC at 1.7 mg/L concentration.

 

Long term toxicity test was performed on fish for 14 days by the method Medaka vitellogenin test. After test it was found that the end point for the long term toxicity to fish for benzylparaben (94-18-8) was found to be 0.02 mg/l concentration.

 

Long term toxicity test was performed on fish for 7 days by the method Medaka vitellogenin test. After test it was found that the end point for the long term toxicity to fish for benzyl paraben (94-18-8) was found to be LOEC at 1.7mg/l concentration.

 

From above mentioned supporting studies the target chemical benzylparaben (CAS No 94-18-8), the majority values are indicative that the chemical is not likely to cause aquatic fish toxicity.