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Environmental fate & pathways

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

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Reference
Endpoint:
biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
1987
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes
Oxygen conditions:
aerobic
Inoculum or test system:
activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
Details on inoculum:
The source of test organism was activated sludge freshly sampled from a municipal sewage treatment plant, close to the test laboratory. The activated sludge was areated for 4 hours. 500 ml of the activated sludge was mixed with 500 ml tap-water whereafter the mixed liquor was homogenised for 5 minutes. It was then settled for 45 min. 125 ml of the supernatant was decanted to provide sufficient volume for a 1 per cent inoculum for each C02 test flask.
Duration of test (contact time):
28 d
Initial conc.:
ca. 10 - ca. 20 mg/L
Based on:
test mat.
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
CO2 evolution
Details on study design:
TEST CONDITIONS
- Solubilising agent: none, test item was sieved and added to test bottles to obtain an adequate suspension
- Test temperature: 19.2-20.5°C (climate room)
- pH: ranged from 6.9 - 7.4 in the test bottles
- pH adjusted: yes (of stock solution)
- Suspended solids concentration: 10-20 mg/L
- Continuous darkness: yes
- Composition of medium: The medium (mineral nutrient solution) contained per liter : 17 mg KH2P04, 43.6 mg K2HP04, 134.4 mg Na2HP04 x 12H20, 3.4 mg NH4Cl, 22.5 mg MgS04 x 7H20, 36.4 mg CaCl2 x 2H20, 0.6 mg FeCl3 and 40 mg (NH4)2SO4

TEST SYSTEM
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 4 (2 per concentration)
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: mixture was aerated with CO2-free air for 24 hours
- Measuring equipment: titration
- Test performed in closed vessels: yes
- Test performed in open system: no
- Details of trap for CO2 and volatile organics if used: Ba(OH)2-solution

SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: sampling at day 2, 5, 7, 9, 14, 19, 23, 28

CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: yes
- Abiotic sterile control: no
- Toxicity control: no
Reference substance:
acetic acid, sodium salt
Preliminary study:
No pre-test performed
Test performance:
P5367 was tested for its ready biodegradability in the modified Sturm test.
Parameter:
% degradation (CO2 evolution)
Value:
1.6
Sampling time:
2 d
Parameter:
% degradation (CO2 evolution)
Value:
3.1
Sampling time:
7 d
Parameter:
% degradation (CO2 evolution)
Value:
3.1
Sampling time:
14 d
Parameter:
% degradation (CO2 evolution)
Value:
3.2
Sampling time:
23 d
Key result
Parameter:
% degradation (CO2 evolution)
Value:
4
Sampling time:
28 d
Details on results:
After 28 days of incubation at 19.2-20.5°C in the dark, the test substance was biodegraded for 4%. Under the same conditions sodium acetate was degraded for 61.4%. P5367 is concluded to be not biodegradable in the modified Sturm test, but due to the stringency of the test it can not be concluded that the test substance is not biodegradable under environmental conditions.
Remarks on result:
not measured/tested
Results with reference substance:
Points of degradation (reference substance):
9.3 % degradation after 2 d
25.7 % degradation after 5 d
35 % degradation after 7 d
39.6 % degradation after 9 d
49.3 % degradation after 14 d
52.3 % degradation after 19 d
60.1 % degradation after 23 d
61.4 % degradation after 28 d

Substance tested at 10.5 mg/l. At 19.5 mg/l 2.7% degradation observed. The substance was not inhibiting the activity of the microorganisms since more carbon dioxide was generated in the presence of the substance than in its absence.

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Remarks:
The reference substance sodium acetate was biodegraded for 61.4% and the total CO2-evolution in the blank was less than 2 mg per 3 litres medium, in conclusion the test can be regarded as valid.
Interpretation of results:
not readily biodegradable
Conclusions:
The test item showed a biodegradation rate of 4% after 28 days and is therefore not ready biodegradable.
Executive summary:

The biodegradability study was performed following EU-testing method C.5, as CO2-evolution test. Non adapted, freshly sampled sludge from a municipal sewage treatment plant was used and tested over a period of 28 days. Test item concentrations of 10.5 mg/l and 19.5 mg/l were used. The substance was not inhibiting the activity of the microorganisms since more carbon dioxide was generated in the presence of the substance than in its absence. The reference substance sodium acetate was biodegraded for 61.4% and the total CO2 -evolution in the blank was less than 2 mg per 3 litres medium, in conclusion the test can be regarded as valid.

Description of key information

The biodegradability study was performed following EU-testing method C.5, as CO2-evolution test. The test item showed a biodegradation rate of 4% in 28 days, whereas the reference substance sodium acetate was biodegraded for 61.4% and the total CO2 -evolution in the blank was less than 2 mg per 3 litres medium In conclusion the test can be regarded as valid.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:
under test conditions no biodegradation observed
Type of water:
freshwater

Additional information

Reference: GLP-report