2,5-Furandione, dihydro-, mono-C15-20-alkenyl derivs.

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2010

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP- and guideline compliant

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2010

Report Date:

2010

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 3

Qualifier:

according to

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. certificate)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Reference

Name:

Unnamed

Type:

Constituent

Test material form:

liquid: viscous

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): ASA
- Substance type: organic
- Physical state: Yellowish clear liquid
- Analytical purity: 97.1%
- Lot/batch No.: 5500001727
- Stability under test conditions: stable
- Storage condition of test material: RT

Method

Target gene:

his; trp

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not applicable

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not applicable

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

S9 mix from liver of phenobarbitaland β-naphthoflavone rats

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

1st Experiment
Strains: TA 1535, TA 100, TA 1537, TA 98 and E. coli WP2 uvrA
Doses: 0; 0.2; 1; 5; 25 and 50 μg/plate

2nd Experiment
Strains: TA 1535, TA 100, TA 1537, TA 98 and E. coli WP2 uvrA
Doses: 0; 20.8; 104; 520; 2 600 and 5 200 μg/plate

3rd Experiment
Strain: TA 100
Doses: 0; 31.3; 62.5; 125; 250 and 500 μg/plate

4th Experiment
Strains: TA 1535, TA 100, TA 1537, TA 98 and E. coli WP2 uvrA
Doses: 0; 20.8; 104; 520; 2 600 and 5 200 μg/plate (TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and E. coli)
0; 2; 10; 50; 250 and 500 μg/plate (TA 100)

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: limited solubility of the test item in water

Controls

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

yes

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NOPD),9-aminoacridine (AAC), 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO)

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation); preincubation;

1. Standard plate test
The experimental procedure of the standard plate test (plate incorporation method) is based on the method of Ames et al.
• Salmonella typhimurium
Test tubes containing 2-mL portions of soft agar (overlay agar), which consists of 100 mL agar (0.8% [w/v] agar + 0.6% [w/v] NaCl) and 10 mL amino acid solution (minimal amino acid solution for the determination of mutants: 0.5 mM histidine + 0.5 mM biotin) are kept in a water bath at about 42 - 45°C, and the remaining components are added in the following order:
0.1 mL test solution or vehicle (negative control)
0.1 mL fresh bacterial culture
0.5 mL S9 mix (with metabolic activation)
or
0.5 mL phosphate buffer (without metabolic activation)
After mixing, the samples are poured onto Vogel-Bonner agar plates (minimal glucose agar plates) within approx. 30 seconds.
Composition of the minimal glucose agar:
980 mL purified water
20 mL Vogel-Bonner E medium
15 g Difco bacto agar
20 g D-glucose, monohydrate.
After incubation at 37°C for 48 – 72 hours in the dark, the bacterial colonies (his+ revertants) are counted.

• Escherichia coli
Test tubes containing 2-mL portions of soft agar (overlay agar), which consists of 100 mL agar (0.8% [w/v] agar + 0.6% [w/v] NaCl) and 10 mL amino acid solution (minimal amino acid solution for the determination of mutants: 0.5 mM tryptophan) are kept in a water bath at about 42 - 45°C, and the remaining components are added in the following order:
0.1 mL test solution or vehicle (negative control)
0.1 mL fresh bacterial culture
0.5 mL S9 mix (with metabolic activation)
or
0.5 mL phosphate buffer (without metabolic activation)
After mixing, the samples are poured onto minimal agar plates within approx. 30 seconds. The composition of the minimal agar (SA1 selective agar) is based on the description of Green, M.H.L. and Muriel, W.J. ( 5), with the exception of the amino acid solution, which has previously been added to the soft agar:
300 mL solution B (agar)
100 mL solution A (saline solution)
8 mL solution C (glucose solution)
10 mL solution D (casein solution)
After incubation at 37°C for 48 - 72 hours in the dark, the bacterial colonies (trp+ revertants) are counted.

2. Preincubation period: 0.1 mL test solution or vehicle, 0.1 mL bacterial suspension and 0.5 mL S9 mix (with metabolic activation) or phosphate buffer (without metabolic activation) are incubated at 37°C for the duration of about 20 minutes using a shaker. Subsequently, 2 mL of soft agar is added and, after mixing, the samples are poured onto the agar plates within approx. 30 seconds. After incubation at 37°C for 48 - 72 hours in the dark, the bacterial colonies are counted.

Evaluation criteria:

1. Mutagenicity
Individual plate counts, the mean number of revertant colonies per plate and the standard deviations were given for all dose groups as well as for the positive and negative (vehicle) controls in all experiments. In general, five doses of the test item are tested with a maximum of 5 mg/plate, and triplicate plating is used for all test groups at least in the 1st Experiment. Dose selection and evaluation as well as the number of plates used in repeat studies or further experiments are based on the findings of the 1st Experiment.
2. Toxicity
Toxicity detected by a
• decrease in the number of revertants
• clearing or diminution of the background lawn (= reduced his- or trp- background growth)
• reduction in the titer is recorded for all test groups both with and without S9 mix in all experiments and indicated in the tables.
3. Acceptance criteria
Generally, the experiment is considered valid if the following criteria are met:
• The number of revertant colonies in the negative controls was within the range of the historical negative control data for each tester strain
• The sterility controls revealed no indication of bacterial contamination.
• The positive control items both with and without S9 mix induced a distinct increase in the number of revertant colonies within the range of the historical positive control data or above
• The titer of viable bacteria was ≥ 108/mL.

Statistics:

none

Results and discussion

Test results

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

from about 25 μg/plate onward in the standard plate tests; from about 250 μg/plate onward in the preincubation assay

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TOXICITY
A bacteriotoxic effect (reduced his- background growth, decrease in the number of his+ or trp+
revertants, reduction in the titer) was observed in the standard plate tests depending on the
strain and test conditions from about 25 μg/plate onward.
In the preincubation assay bacteriotoxicity (reduced his- background growth, decrease in the
number of his+ or trp+ revertants, reduction in the titer) was observed depending on the strain
and test conditions from about 250 μg/plate onward.

SOLUBILITY
Test item precipitation was found at 5 200 μg/plate onward with and without S9 mix.

MUTAGENICITY
T
he test item did not lead to a relevant increase in the number of revertant colonies either without S9 mix or after adding a metabolizing system in several experiments carried out independently of each other (standard plate test and preincubation assay).
Besides, the results of the negative as well as the positive controls performed in parallel corroborated the validity of this study, since the values fulfilled the acceptance criteria of this study.

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative

It is concluded that ASA is not a mutagenic test item in the bacterial reverse mutation test in the absence and the presence of metabolic activation.

Executive summary:

The test item was tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella typhimurium / Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay according to OECD 471 and GLP. The substance was tested in the standard plate test and in the preincubation test both with and without the addition of a metabolizing system (S9 mix) obtained from rat liver using the Salmonella strains TA 1535, TA 100, TA 1537, TA 98 and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA. As a result, no increase in the number of revertants was found, so that the substance was not found to be mutagenic under the condition of the test.