Chloroethane

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

1. SOFTWARE
Vega version 1.1.4

2. MODEL (incl. version number)
Fathead Minnow LC50 96h (EPA) v1.0.7

3. SMILES OR OTHER IDENTIFIERS USED AS INPUT FOR THE MODEL
See “Test material information”

4. SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY OF THE (Q)SAR MODEL
See attached information on the model provided by the developer. Further information on the OECD criteria as outlined by the applicant is provided below under "Any other information of materials and methods incl. tables"

5. APPLICABILITY DOMAIN
See attached information and information as provided in "Any other information on results incl. tables".

6. ADEQUACY OF THE RESULT
See assessment of adequacy as outlined in the "Overall remarks, attachments" section.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: REACH Guidance on QSARs R.6

Principles of method if other than guideline:

- Software tool(s) used including version: Vega v1.1.3
- Model(s) used: Fathead Minnow LC50 96h (EPA) version 1.0.7
Full reference and details of the used formulas can be found in:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2016. User’s Guide for T.E.S.T. (version 4.2) (Toxicity Estimation Software Tool), 2016
R. Todeschini and V. Consonni, Molecular Descriptors for Chemoinformatics, Wiley-VCH, 2009
- Model description: see field 'Justification for non-standard information', 'Attached justification' and 'any other information on Material and methods'
- Justification of QSAR prediction: see field 'Justification for type of information', 'Attached justification' and/or 'overall remarks'

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Pimephales promelas

Test type:

other: QSAR calculation

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

322.74 mg/L

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

For detailed information on the results please refer to the attached report.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The LC50 (96 h) is 322.74 mg/L

Executive summary:

A calculation based on Vega version 1.1.4 using 96 h fathead minnow model version 1.0.7 predicted a LC50 (96 h) of 322.74 mg/L.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Acceptable, well documented publication which meets basic scientific principles (peer reviewed in OECD-SIDS)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Acute toxicity test, no guideline followed

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Lepomis macrochirus

Test type:

static

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

2 500 mg/L

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

The following numbers of survivors were reported:

Conc.                 Number of Survivors          %
(ppm)  |                      Hours           |  Survival
|           1-6    24    48    72    96|
|                                      |
1213          10    10    10    10    10           100
1748          10    10    10    10    10           100
1728          10     9     9     9     9            90
2073          10     5     5     5     5            50
4495           0     0     0     0     0             0

The positive control performed as expected.

The dissolved oxygen (ppm) and pH was recorded at 24 hours
for solutions where mortalities occurred, as follows:

Conc. (ppm)              DO                pH
1748                     4.5               7
1728                     6.8               7

The dissolved oxygen (ppm) and pH was recorded at 1-6 hours
for solutions where mortalities occurred, as follows:

Conc. (ppm)              DO                pH
4495                     6.3               7

The summary of reactions following the bubbling of ethyl
chloride into the test vessels:

Conc.            Onset  Duration    Time of
(ppm)  Reaction  (hrs)  (hrs)       death (hrs)
1213   Surfacing  1     1-6         NA
[5*]   Sounding   1     1-6
Swimming:
Gyrating 1     1-6
Inverted 1     1-6
On side  1     1-6
Against tank sides on
bottom   1     1-6
Defecating 1     24
1748   Surfacing  1     1-6         NA
[7*]   Sounding   1     1-6
Swimming:
Gyrating 1     1-6
Inverted 1     1-6
On side  1     1-6
Against tank sides on
bottom   1     1-6
Defecating 1     24
1728   Surfacing  1     1-6         24
[10*]  Sounding   1     1-6
Swimming:
Gyrating 1     1-6
Inverted 1     1-6
On side  1     1-6
Against tank sides on
bottom   1     1-6
Defecating 1     24
2073   Surfacing  1     1-6         24
[15*]  Sounding   1     1-6
Swimmming:
Gyrating 1     1-6
Inverted 1     1-6
On side  1     1-6
Against tank sides on
bottom   1     1-6
Defecating 1     24
Quiescent 24     24
4495   Surfacing  1    until        24
[18*]  Sounding   1    death
Swimming:
Gyrating 1
Inverted 1
On side  1
Against tank sides on
bottom   1
Defecating 1

Where [*] = bubbling time in minutes

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

For chloroethane the LC50 (96 h) is 2250 mg/L (measured).

Executive summary:

The toxicity of chloroethane was tested in an acute toxicity test on the fish species Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). The test concentrations in the test assay were prepared by bubbling ethyl chloride through an air stone at a constant rate of flow for five determined time periods. Concentrations of ethyl chloride were determined by gas chromatography.

Ten fish were exposed to test substance concentrations of 1213, 1748, 1728, 2073 and 4495 mg/L for 96 hours. At test termination the LC50 (96 h) was 2250 mg/L (measured).

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Acceptable, well documented publication which meets basic scientific principles (peer reviewed in OECD-SIDS)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Acute toxicity test, no guideline followed

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Micropterus salmoides

Test type:

static

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 2 000 mg/L

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

The following numbers of survivors were reported:

Conc.                 Number of Survivors          %
(ppm)   |                    Hours           | Survival
|      1-6    24    48    72    96   |
|                                    |
1467         10    10    10     9     9            90
2051         10    10    10     9     9            90
2642         10     8     8     8     8            80
3040         10     2     2     2     2            20
2740          0     0     0     0     0             0

The positive controls performed as expected.

The dissolved oxygen (ppm) and pH was recorded at 24 hours
for solutions where mortalities occurred, as follows:

Conc. (ppm)              DO                pH
2642                     5.2               7
3040                     5.1               7

The dissolved oxygen (ppm) and pH was recorded at 1-6 hours
for solutions where mortalities occurred, as follows:

Conc. (ppm)              DO                pH
2740                     9.1               7


The summary of reactions following the bubbling of ethyl
chloride into the test vessels:

Conc.            Onset     Duration    Time of
(ppm)  Reaction  (hrs)     (hrs)       death (hrs)
1467   Excitable  1        1-6         72
[5*]   Surfacing  1        1-6
Sounding   1        1-6
Swimming:
Gyrating 1        1-6
Inverted 1        1-6
On side  1        1-6
Against tank sides on
bottom   1        1-6
Quiescent 48        48
Motionless:
Flaccidity 24     48
2051   Excitable  1        1-6          72
[7*]   Surfacing  1        1-6
Sounding   1        1-6
Swimming:
Gyrating 1        1-6
Inverted 1        1-6
On side  1        1-6
Against tank sides on
bottom   1        1-6
Quiescent 48        48
Motionless:
Flaccidity 24     48
2642   Excitable  1        1-6          24
[10*]  Surfacing  1        1-6
Sounding   1        1-6
Swimming:
Gyrating 1        1-6
Inverted 1        1-6
On side  1        1-6
Against tank sides on
bottom   1        1-6
Quiescent 48        48
Motionless:
Flaccidity 24     48
3040   Excitable  1        1-6          24
[15*]  Surfacing  1        1-6
Sounding   1        1-6
Swimming:
Gyrating 1        1-6
Inverted 1        1-6
On side  1        1-6
Against tank sides on
bottom   1        1-6
Motionless:
Flaccidity 24     no recovery noted
Respiration rate:
Slow     48       no recovery noted
2740   Excitable  1        1-6           1-6
[15*]  Surfacing  1        1-6
Sounding   1        1-6
Swimming:
Gyrating 1        1-6
Inverted 1        1-6
On side  1        1-6
Against tank sides on
bottom   1         1-6

Where [*] = bubbling time in minutes

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

For chloroethane the LC50 (96 h) is >2000 mg/L.

Executive summary:

The toxicity of chloroethane was tested in an acute toxicity test on the fish species largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The test concentrations in the test assay were prepared by bubbling ethyl chloride through an air stone at a constant rate of flow for five determined time periods. Concentrations of ethyl chloride were determined by gas chromatography.

Ten fish were exposed to test substance concentrations of 1467, 2051, 2642, 3040 and 2740 mg/L. The determined LC50 (96 h) is > 2000 mg/L.

Description of key information

Based on the available data an acute toxicity of chloroethane to fish is not anticipated.

Additional information

The toxicity of chloroethane (CAS 75-00-3) was tested in two separate acute toxicity tests on the fish species Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) respectively. The test concentrations in both test assays were prepared by bubbling ethyl chloride through an air stone at a constant rate of flow for five determined time periods. Concentrations of ethyl chloride were determined by gas chromatography.

Ten fish of the species Lepomis macrochirus were exposed to test substance concentrations of 1213, 1748, 1728, 2073 and 4495 mg/L for 96 hours. At test termination a LC50 (96 h) of 2250 mg/L (measured) was reported. In the second test assay ten specimen of Micropterus salmoides were exposed to test concentrations of 1467, 2051, 2642, 3040 and 2740 mg/L. The determined LC50 was > 2000 mg/L (Hamlin, 1971). A calculation based on VegaNIC version 1.2.0 using 96 hour fathead minnow model version 1.0.7 predicted a LC50 (96 h) of 322.74 mg/L.

Based on the available data an acute toxicity of chloroethane to fish is not anticipated.

 

The experimental results of two acute toxicity tests on two different fish species show LC50 values of >2000 mg/L. Also, the modelling result with Vega indicates a high LC50 value of 322.74. Overall, the results provide a reliable picture that allows the conclusion that an acute toxicity of chloroethane to fish is not to be anticipated.