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EC number: 701-480-0 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
complex metal containing substance
classification derived based on CLP rules for mixtures
solubility of metal constituents is poor
in vitro bio-accessability tests in solution that resembles gastric fluid furter confirm the classification
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The copper slag is a complex metal containing substance. It mainly contains iron silicate and silicates of aluminum and calcium.
Traces of metals exist in metal, mineral form or included in silicate phases.
Substance is used in massive, granular or powder form with varying particle size distribution (IUCLID section 4.5). Routes for exposure to consider are therefore oral and inhalation.
Copper slag is an inorganic solid poorly soluble in water. It is not likely to penetrate through skin in any significant quantity and so would therefore not cause any toxic effects following dermal exposure. Furthermore, negligible metal release in in-vitro bio-accessibility test in artificial sweat fluid was observed (1.9 -2.5% or 0.021 to 0.036 µg Ni/cm2/week)
Classification derived based on rules for mixtures:
Specific organ toxicity, repeated exposure, oral route: Not classified
Based on this result, the related criteria provided theestimated dose/concentration value at or below which nosignificant toxic effects would be observed in a 90-day repeated-dose studyby oral route: Oral(rat), dose concentration >100 mg/kg body weight /day
Specific organ toxicity, repeated exposure, inhalation route: Not classified
Based on this result, the related criteria provided the estimated dose/concentration value at or below which no significant toxic effects would be observed in a 90-day repeated-dose studies : Inhalation rat dust/mist/fume dose/concentration >2 mg/litre/6h/day
Results from calculated classification are further supported (WoE) by consideration of physical chemical properties of the UVCB substance.
Chemistry and mineralogy of the slag (see IUCLID section 4.23 chemical and mineralogical characterization) were taken into account.
Water solubility (IUCLID section 4.8) and Sequential dissolutions (IUCLID 4.23 Chemical assays) furthermore confirmed species present and their solubility behavior
Classification outcome refined (Higher tier) based on consideration of the fraction of Pb that solubilizes during in-vitro bio-accessibility tests in solvent that resembles gastric fluid performed according to ASTM D5517.07 (pH 1.5)
Justification for classification or non-classification
Copper slag does contain minor constituents classified as STOT RE Cat 1 and Cat 2 (Ni and Pb compounds). Maximum actual levels of Ni up to 0.25% are lower than the generic concentration limit of 1% for STOT RE 1. At maximum actual levels up to 0.6%, Pb compounds trigger the classification of the UVCB substance as STOT RE 2 above the specific concentration limit of 0.5%.
Oral route
To further refine the classification in vitro measurements of bio-accessibility in solvent that resembles gastric fluid performed according to ASTM D5517.07. The fraction of metals that solubilize under these conditions can be considered as worst case determinant of bio-accessibility of metals contained in the slag. Results demonstrate reduced relative bio- accessibility of metals in gastric fluids. In a Tier 2 assessment of final copper slag samples, absolute bioaccessible concentration of Pb are in the range 0.008% to 0.06% thus below the concentration limit of 0.5% for specific target organ toxicity (STOT RE 2).
Inhalation route
Inhaled lead particles have systemic mode of action so resorption of dissolved lead particles can take place from deposition locations in the entire respiratory tract and contribute to systemic toxicity.
An acute inhalation toxicity study conducted with lead oxide powder (MMAD= 5.8µm) showed that deep lung penetration would be minimal and upper respiratory tract deposition would predominate (Ref, Lead voluntary risk assessment) / Upper respiratory tract deposition would in turn be followed by clearance to the gastrointestinal tract. Pulmonary deposition modelling further showed that deposition patterns for all thirteen lead compounds will be rather similar. No signs of any respiratory irritation or any other clinical observations
Thus, systemic lead uptake from slag is predicted to be similar to that for lead oxide.
Finally, a conservative assumption is made that all lead containing particles in the slag will deposit in the upper airways, such particles will than enter the gastrointestinal tract, where further uptake of all dissolved particles will take place.
A separate assessment report on the Human health classification of copper final slag is attached in IUCLID section 13.
Therefore consideration of reduced bio-accessibility of Pb will lead to No classification of copper slags for STOT repeated exposure by oral and inhalation route.
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