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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
1.65 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
75
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
50 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
123.42 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

The calculation of the DNEL is based on an oral NOAEL obtained from an OECD 422 study conducted with the registered substance (Envigo, 2017).

To take into account the interspecies difference between the rat and human the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) has to be corrected as follows according to ECHA guidance R.8 (2012):

Corrected starting point for the inhalative route for workers:

= NOAEL(oral) * (1/0.38 m³/kg bw/day) * (ABSoral-rat/ABSinh-human) * 6.7 m³ (8h) /10 m³ (8h) * (days of exposure per week in rats / days of exposure per week worker)

= 50 mg/kg bw/day * (1/0.38 m³/kg bw/day) * (1/1) * 0.67 m³ * (7/5) = 123.42 mg/m³.

(ABSoral-rat = oral absorption in rats, ABSinh-human = inhalation absorption rate in humans)

Therefore, the corrected starting point for workers was 123.42 mg/m³ for inhalation.

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
6
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a subacute study.
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
AF not used for the inhalation route.
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default AF
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
Default AF for workers
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a high-quality study.
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.23 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
300
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
50 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
70 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

The calculation of the DNEL is based on an oral NOAEL obtained from an OECD 422 study conducted with the registered substance (Envigo, 2017).

To take into account the interspecies difference between the rat and human the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) has to be corrected according to ECHA guidance R.8 (2012).

The dermal route was extrapolated from oral route information in the absence of data for this administration route.

Corrected starting point for the dermal route for workers:

Dermal NOAEL = oral NOAEL*ABS(oral)/ABS(dermal) * (days of exposure per week in rats / days of exposure per week worker)

= 50 mg/kg bw/day * (1/1) * 7/5 = 70 mg/kg bw/day

(ABSoral-rat = oral absorption in rats, ABSdermal-human = dermal absorption rate in humans)

Therefore, the corrected starting point for workers was 70 mg/kg bw/day for the dermal route.

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
6
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a subacute study.
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
Default AF for rats
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default AF
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
Default AF for workers
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a high-quality study.
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
Dermal
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
high hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
sensitisation (skin)
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
high hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
sensitisation (skin)

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)

Additional information - workers

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.29 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
150
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
50 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
43.48 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

The calculation of the DNEL is based on an oral NOAEL obtained from an OECD 422 study conducted with the registered substance (Envigo, 2017).

To take into account the interspecies difference between the rat and human the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) has to be corrected as follows according to ECHA guidance R.8 (2012):

Corrected starting point for the inhalative route for the general population:

= NOAEL(oral) * (1/1.15 m³/kg bw/day) * (ABSoral-rat/ABSinh-human)

= 50 mg/kg bw/day * (1/1.15 m³/kg bw/day) * (1/1) = 43.48 mg/m³.

(ABSoral-rat = oral absorption in rats, ABSinh-human = inhalation absorption rate in humans)

Therefore, the corrected starting point for the general population was 43.48 mg/m³ for inhalation.

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
6
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a subacute study.
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
AF not used for the inhalation route.
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default AF
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
Default AF for general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a high-quality study.
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.083 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
600
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
50 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
50 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

The calculation of the DNEL is based on an oral NOAEL obtained from an OECD 422 study conducted with the registered substance (Envigo, 2017).

To take into account the interspecies difference between the rat and human the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) has to be corrected according to ECHA guidance R.8 (2012).

The dermal route was extrapolated from oral route information in the absence of data for this administration route.

Corrected starting point for the dermal route for the general population:

Dermal NOAEL = oral NOAEL*ABS(oral)/ABS(dermal)

= 50 mg/kg bw/day * (1/1) = 50 mg/kg bw/day

(ABSoral-rat = oral absorption in rats, ABSdermal-human = dermal absorption rate in humans)

Therefore, the corrected starting point for the general population was 70 mg/kg bw/day for the dermal route.

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
6
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a subacute study.
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
Default AF for rats
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default AF
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
Default AF for general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a high-quality study.
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
high hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
high hazard (no threshold derived)

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.083 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
600
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
50 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Route-to-route extrapolation not necessary.

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
6
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a subacute study.
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
Default AF for rats
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default AF
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
Default AF for general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a high-quality study.
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
low hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)

Additional information - General Population