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EC number: 620-365-5 | CAS number: 9016-72-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- effects on growth of green algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2004/6/11 to 2004/7/21
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.5400 (Algal Toxicity, Tiers I and II) (January 2012)
- Version / remarks:
- 1996
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: JMAFF guideline
- Version / remarks:
- 12 Nousan No 8147, Nov. 24, 2000
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Cell numbers per volume (as a surrogate for biomass per volume) were estimated photometrically. For this purpose, small samples of treated, inoculated test medium were placed in 5 cm cuvettes on day 1, day 2, and day 3 of the exposure period (without replacing after measurement). The extinctions were determined at a wave length of 578 nm using a single-beam-photometer (WTW MPM 1500). The photometer was calibrated using culture medium without algae. Cell numbers were computed from extinction values using the conversion formula logio (cell no.) = 6.386438 + 1.141336 x log™ (extinction). To detect possible alterations in algae cells that might influence extinction measurements, such as unusual cell size, samples from each flask were examined under a microscope at a magnification of 400 times. Cell numbers were estimated photometrically only if alterations that might influence extinction were not detected. At exposure termination, the contents of all replicate vessels were combined, and the pH was measured. The test solutions were then submitted for the day 3 analyses.
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMF
- Details on test solutions:
- 0.607 g test item were dissolved ad 50 mL DMF immediately prior to the test. The stock solution was well agitated on a magnetic stirrer for at least 1 minute before further use. An adequate amount of the stock solution was transferred to a dilution series with DMF. 100 µL of the dilutions/L nutrient medium were used to obtain the concentration levels used in the study.
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- Collection of Algal Cultures, Inst. for Plant Physiology, University of Gottingen. Strain material of defined sensitivity was used, as shown by reference substance testing with 3,5-dichlorophenol or potassium dichromate. Such reference tests are done erratically (i.e. event driven in case of receiving new strains, introduction of new test conditions, apparatus, etc.). Such work is documented and archived together with strain protocols. 200 µL of a 7-9 days old stock culture was transferred into a 250 ml cotton plugged Erlenmeyer flask containing 50 ml of nutrient medium once every week. Stock cultures of algae were kept at 23 ± 2°C with 16 h light/day. All operations were conducted under sterile conditions to handle an axenic^2 algae culture. The medium was freshly prepared according to the mentioned test. Analytical grade salts were dissolved in purified (Milli-Q-water) water (see table one for nominal nutrient medium concentrations).
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- other: Nutrient medium
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 d
- Test temperature:
- 24.5 – 25.0°C
- pH:
- 7.9 – 8.4
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 0.003, 0.010, 0.031, 0.10, 0.31 and 1.0 mg a.s./L, Mean measured concentrations: 0.003, 0.009, 0.052, 0.213 and 0.855 mg a.s./L
- Details on test conditions:
- The test volume was 150 mL test medium per replicate. 3 replicate vessels per test level (6 replicate vessels per control level) for biological data evaluation and, if needed, additional test vessels for analytical determination. The test vessels (300 mL-Erlenmeyer flasks) labelled with the study number, series number, and concentration of the test item were sealed with cotton wool or cellulose plugs and placed in a growth incubator.
To ensure that the algae used as inoculum were exponentially growing, an inoculum pre-culture was prepared 2-4 days before the start of the test and cultivated under the same conditions as in the main test. In order to reach an initial cell density of 10,000 cells/mL in the test medium at the beginning of the 72 hours exposure period of the main test, adequate dilution of the pre-culture was done with nutrient medium. The density of the inoculum was 10,000 cells/mL.
The exposure of individual flasks to permanent light was made more uniform by randomised repositioning after each observation day, the light intensity ranged nominally from 8000 lux (± 15 %). Test vessels were placed on a tablet rotating 100 rpm to prevent sedimentation of the cells without additional aeration. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ErC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.022 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.009 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The aim of the study was to determine the influence of propineb on exponentially growing Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Algae were exposed for 3 days under static exposure conditions to the nominal concentrations of 0.003, 0.010, 0.031, 0.10, 0.31 and 1.0 mg a.s./L in comparison to control(s).
Based on mean measured concentrations, the 72-h ErC50 and NOEC (base on growth rate) were determined to be 0.022 mg a.s./L and 0.009 mg a.s./L. - Executive summary:
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of propineb on exponentially growing Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Algae were exposed for 3 days under static exposure conditions to the nominal concentrations of 0.003, 0.010, 0.031, 0.10, 0.31 and 1.0 mg a.s./L in comparison to control(s).
Test conditions met all validity criteria, given by the mentioned guideline(s). Based on mean measured concentrations, the 72-h ErC50 and NOEC (base on growth rate) were determined to be 0.022 mg a.s./L and 0.009 mg a.s./L.
Reference
Table three
Sectional growth rates of the control
Sectional Growth rate (μ) (days-1) | ||||
0-24h | 24-48h | 48-72h | %CV | |
Control | 1.279 | 1.249 | 1.360 | 4.4 |
Table four
Effect of propineb on Freshwater Algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) in a 72 h growth inhibition test
Geom. mean measured concentration | Cell number | (0-72h)-average specific growth rates [days-1] | Inhibition of average specific growth rate [%] |
Control | 493 000 | -- | -- |
Solvent control | 493 000 | -- | -- |
Pooled controls | 493 000 | 1.296 | -- |
0.003 | 428 000 | 1.252 | 3.4 |
0.010 | 259 000 | 1.081 | 16.6 |
0.031 | 165 000 | 0.934 | 27.9 |
0.10 | 35 000 | 0.406 | 68.7 |
0.31 | 16 000 | 0.123 | 90.5 |
1.0 | 4 000 | -0.754 | 158.1 |
Table five
Summary of results
Based on nominal concentrations | based on mean measured concentrations | ||
Average Growth Rate (0 - 72 h) | ErC50 Cl 95% LOErC NOErC | 0.055 mg a.s./L 0.041 - 0.074 0.10 mg a.s./L 0.031 mg a.s./L | 0.022 mg a.s/L 0.014-0.035 0.052 mg a.s./L 0.009 mg a.s/L |
Average Growth Rate (0 - 48 h) | ErC50 | 0.047 mg a.s./L 0.034 - 0.065 0.031 mg a.s./L 0.010 mg a.s./L | 0.018 mga.s./L n.d. <0.003 mg a.s./L <0.003 mg a.s./L |
Average Growth Rate (0 - 24 h) |
ErC50
| 0.1 95 mg a.s./L 0.077 - 0.639 0.031 mg a.s./L 0.010 mg a.s./L | 0.1 07 mg a.s./L n.d. 0.009 mg a.s./L 0.003 mg a.s./L |
Biomass Integral (0 - 72 h) | EbC50 Cl 95% LOEbC NOEbC | 0.017 mg a.s/L 0.012-0.023 0.010 mg a.s/L 0.003 mg a.s./L | 0.005 mg a.s./L 0.003 - 0.006 O.003 mg a.s./L <0.003 mg a.s./L |
Biomass Integral (0 - 48 h) | EbC50 Cl 95% LOEbC NOEbC | 0.029 mg a.s./L 0.023-0.037 0.010 mg a.s./L 0.003 mg a.s./L | 0.009 mg a.s./L 0.008-0.012 O.003 mg a.s./L <0.003 mg a.s./L |
Biomass Integral (0 - 24 h) | EbC50 Cl 95% LOEbC NOEbC | 0.093 mg a.s./L 0.044 - 0.200 0.031 mg a.s./L 0.010 mg a.s./L | 0.039 mg a.s./L n.d. 0.009 mg a.s./L 0.003 mg a.s./L |
Description of key information
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of propineb on exponentially growing Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Algae were exposed for 3 days under static exposure conditions to the nominal concentrations of 0.003, 0.010, 0.031, 0.10, 0.31 and 1.0 mg a.s./L in comparison to control(s).
Test conditions met all validity criteria, given by the mentioned guideline(s). Based on mean measured concentrations, the 72-h ErC50 and NOEC (base on growth rate) were determined to be 0.022 mg a.s./L and 0.009 mg a.s./L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 0.022 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 0.009 mg/L
Additional information
One study that was not included in the endpoint summary was performed by Heimbach, 1989. The green algae (Scenedesmus subspicatus) were exposed under static conditions to nominal concentrations of 0.074, 0.13, 0.24, 0.41, 0.74, 1.3, 2.4, 4.1 and 7.4 mg a.s./L. After 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours cell counts were determined. The 96-h ErC50 (based on growth rate) and the NOEC were determined to be 1.8 mg a.s./L and 0.44 mg a.s./L, respectively.
The second study not included in the endpoint summary was performed by Bruns, 2010. The test guidlelines used in this study were OECD 201, and all test conditions met all validity criteria, given by the mentioned guideline(s). The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the test item on exponentially growing Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The 72-h ErC50 and NOEC (based on growth rate) were determined to be 166 µg a.s./L and 6.63 µg a.s./L, respectively.
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