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EC number: 613-145-5 | CAS number: 63139-21-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2007-07-11 to 2008-01-29
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 0.88, 1.94, 4.27, 9.39,20.66, 45.46 or 100 mg/L
- Sampling method: Samples were taken from all concentrations. After preparation of the test media the analytical values were determined. The maintenance of the test material concentrations was confirmed by determination of further samples after a period of 48 hours.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored under the same conditions as the vessels with Daphnia magna and afterwards sent for analysis - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
The test media (reconstituted water and test item) were freshly prepared. Therefore, the calibrated flask with test medium was treated in an ultrasonic device for 1 hour. Subsequently, the preparation was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for further 23 hours. The formulation was then passed through a single use syringe filter (pore size 0.2 µm). The filtrate was used for the study. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Age at study initiation: not older than 24 hours
- Source: Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Institute of Toxicology
- Feeding during test: no
ACCLIMATION
In preparing for a new study, juvenile Daphnia magna were separated and placed in 60 mL of reconstituted water. The water was renewed and the Daphnia magna were fed with a Suspension of fresh water algae once a week. New-born Daphnia magna were separated and allocated to the different dose groups. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 14° dH (about 250 mg/L CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 20 - 21 °C
- pH:
- 7.74 – 7.95
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 94.1 – 97.1 %
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal conc.: 0.88, 1.94, 4.27, 9.39, 20.66, 45.46 or 100 mg/L;
Measured conc.: between 101.1 - 103.4 % at the start and 97.7 - 103.4 % of nominal test item concentration at the end of test - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass test vessels
- Type: open
- Volume of solution: 10 mL
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted water (Elendt, 1990)
- Culture medium different from test medium: the same
- Intervals of water quality measurement: at the beginning and at the end of the test
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light - 8 hours dark regime
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: the number of immobilized daphnids were recorded after 24 and 48 hours.
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 50.0, and 100.0 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 10.58 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence interval: 8.09 - 13.82 mg/L
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 36.67 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence interval: 30.78 - 43.70 mg/L
- Details on results:
- Clinical observation:
Daphnia magna exposed to nominal concentrations of 4.27 up to 100 mg/L led to immobilized daphnia. Concentrations of 0.88 and 1.94 mg/L revealed no biological effects. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this study, the 48-h EC50 value was 10.58 mg/L (95 % CI: 8.09 – 13.82 mg/L).
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of the test item to Daphnia magna was assessed in a 48-h Acute Immobilisation Test according to OECD TG 202. For this purpose, juvenile Daphnia magna were exposed to an aqueous test item solution for over 48 hours, under defined conditions. Based on the results obtained from a static non-GLP preliminary experiment, daphnids were exposed to reconstituted water or to test material concentrations of nominal 0.88, 1.94, 4.27, 9.39, 20.66, 45.46 or 100 mg/L in an open static test system. The study comprised of four test vessels per concentration containing five Daphnia magna each, i.e. 20 daphnids per concentration (test medium group) and control group. The purpose of the analytical part of this study was to verify the concentration of the test item in the test medium. The limit of quantification of the analytical method was 0.02 mg/L. The analytically determined concentrations were between 101.1 - 103.4 % at the Start and 97.7- 103.4 % at the end of exposure. During the experimental phase of the study, the test material concentrations could be maintained at > 80 % of the initial concentrations. Therefore, the EC50 values were calculated based on the nominal concentrations. The nominal concentrations from 4.27 up to 100.0 mg/L led to immobilized daphnia. Concentrations of 0.88 and 1.94 mg/L revealed no biological effects. Under the test conditions, the 24-h EC50 of the item was determined to be 36.67 mg/L (95 % CI: 30.78 – 43.70 mg/L) and the 48-h EC50 was determined to be 10.58 mg/L (95 % CI: 8.09 – 13.82 mg/L).
Reference
Clinical findings:
The concentrations of the preparations and immobilization data of the study are shown in the following table:
Nominal concentration [mg/L] |
Immobilized/exposed Daphnia magna |
|
24 hours |
48 hours |
|
0.00 |
0/20 |
0/20 |
0.88 |
0/20 |
0/20 |
1.94 |
0/20 |
0/20 |
4.27 |
0/20 |
4/20 |
9.39 |
0/20 |
9/20 |
20.66 |
0/20 |
14/20 |
45.46 |
16/20 |
20/20 |
100.00 |
20/20 |
20/20 |
Environmental conditions
pH, oxygen concentrations, and temperature during the study were inconspicuous.
Nominal concentration [mg/L] |
Start of the experimental part (t = 0 hour) |
End of the experimental part (t = 48 hours) |
||
pH |
O2 [%] |
pH |
O2 [%] |
|
0.00 |
7.95 |
97.1 |
7,91 |
95.3 |
0.88 |
7.94 |
96.4 |
7.90 |
94.6 |
1.94 |
7.95 |
96.6 |
7.90 |
96.0 |
4.27 |
7.90 |
95.9 |
7.84 |
94.8 |
9.39 |
7.88 |
96.1 |
7.84 |
94.3 |
20.66 |
7.87 |
95.6 |
7.83 |
94.1 |
45.46 |
7.88 |
96.3 |
7.81 |
95.2 |
100.00 |
7.79 |
96.2 |
7.74 |
94.6 |
The temperature in the control test vessel was 20 - 21°C.
No remarkable observations were made concerning the appearance of the test media. All test media were clear solutions and remained clear throughout the entire test period.
Analytical results
Group No. |
Sample No. |
Nominal concentration [mg/L] |
Time after preparation [hours] |
Mean analytical concentration [mg/L] |
% of nominal concentration |
1 |
1 |
0.88 |
0 (start) |
0.91 |
103.4 |
8 |
48 (end) |
0.91 |
103.4 |
||
2 |
2 |
1.94 |
0 (start) |
1.97 |
101.5 |
9 |
48 (end) |
1.99 |
102.6 |
||
3 |
3 |
4.27 |
0 (start) |
4.40 |
103.0 |
10 |
48 (end) |
4.33 |
101.4 |
||
4 |
4 |
9.39 |
0 (start) |
9.55 |
101.7 |
11 |
48 (end) |
9.53 |
101.5 |
||
5 |
5 |
20.66 |
0 (start) |
21.13 |
102.3 |
12 |
48 (end) |
20.18 |
97.7 |
||
6 |
6 |
45.46 |
0 (start) |
45.95 |
101.1 |
13 |
48 (end) |
46.42 |
102.1 |
||
7 |
7 |
100.00 |
0 (start) |
102.30 |
102.3 |
14 |
48 (end) |
101.09 |
101.1 |
Description of key information
The test item showed a 48-h EC50 of 10.58 mg/L (95 % CI: 8.09 – 13.82 mg/L) in a study performed according to OECD Guideline 202 (reference 6.1.3-1).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 10.58 mg/L
Additional information
The acute toxicity of the test item to Daphnia magna was assessed in a 48-h Acute Immobilisation Test according to OECD TG 202. For this purpose, juvenile Daphnia magna were exposed to an aqueous test item solution for over 48 hours, under defined conditions. Based on the results obtained from a static non-GLP preliminary experiment, daphnids were exposed to reconstituted water or to test material concentrations of nominal 0.88, 1.94, 4.27, 9.39, 20.66, 45.46 or 100 mg/L in an open static test system. The study comprised of four test vessels per concentration containing five Daphnia magna each, i.e. 20 daphnids per concentration (test medium group) and control group. The purpose of the analytical part of this study was to verify the concentration of the test item in the test medium. The limit of quantification of the analytical method was 0.02 mg/L. The analytically determined concentrations were between 101.1 - 103.4 % at the Start and 97.7- 103.4 % at the end of exposure. During the experimental phase of the study, the test material concentrations could be maintained at > 80 % of the initial concentrations. Therefore, the EC50 values were calculated based on the nominal concentrations. The nominal concentrations from 4.27 up to 100.0 mg/L led to immobilized daphnia. Concentrations of 0.88 and 1.94 mg/L revealed no biological effects. Under the test conditions, the 24-h EC50 of the item was determined to be 36.67 mg/L (95 % CI: 30.78 – 43.70 mg/L) and the 48-h EC50 was determined to be 10.58 mg/L (95 % CI: 8.09 – 13.82 mg/L).
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