Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, (3Z)-3-hexen-1-yl ester

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Genetic toxicity in vitro

Description of key information

An Ames test is available to assess the mutagenic potential of Montaverdi. Two independent mutation tests were performed in the presence and absence of liver preparations from Aroclor 1254-induced rats (S9 mix). The first was a standard plate incorporation assay, the second involved a pre-incubation stage. Dose levels of up to 5000 µg/plate were tested in the first mutation test. Toxicity was observed towards all the tester strains at 5000 and 1500 µg/plate in the first mutation test, therefore a top dose level of 1500 µg/plate was chosen for the second mutation test. Toxicity was observed towards all the tester strains at 1500 and 500 µg/plate in the second mutation test. No evidence of mutagenic activity was seen at any dose level of Montaverdi in either mutation test. The concurrent positive control compounds demonstrated the sensitivity of the assay and the metabolizing activity of the liver preparations. It is concluded that, when tested in DMSO, Montaverdi shows no evidence of mutagenic activity in this bacterial system.

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

between 21st October and 3 November 1997.

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study conducted in accordance with OECD Guidelines and in compliance with GLP.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

JAPAN: Guidelines for Screening Mutagenicity Testing Of Chemicals

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)

Version / remarks:

Meets the requirements of the Japanese Regulatory Authorities including METI, MHLW and MAFF, OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals No. 471 "and the USA, EPA (TSCA) OPPTS harmonised guidelines.

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Target gene:

Histidine for Salmonella.
Tryptophan for E.Coli

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

Not applicable.

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not applicable

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

Not applicable.

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not applicable

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Aroclor 1254, induced rat liver, S9

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Test Concentrations:
Expt 1: 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500, 5000 µg/plate.
Expt 2: 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 µg/plate

Vehicle / solvent:

Vehicle: Dimethyl sulphoxide

Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle:
Prior to commencing testing, the solubility of the test substance was assessed at 50 mg/ml in water and DMSO. At this concentration the test substance was insoluble in water but miscible with DMSO. Therefore DMSO was chosen as the solvent for this study.

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

Spontaneous mutation rates of TA100

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

benzo(a)pyrene

Remarks:

With S9 mix

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

Spontaneous mutation rates of TA1535

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-Aminoanthracene: 2 µg/plate

Remarks:

With S9 mix

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

Spontaneous mutation rates of TA1537

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

benzo(a)pyrene

Remarks:

With S9 mix

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

Spontaneous mutation rates of CM891 WP2

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-Aminoanthracene: 10 µg/plate

Remarks:

With S9 mix

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

Spontaneous mutation rates of TA98

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

benzo(a)pyrene

Remarks:

With S9 mix

Migrated to IUCLID6: Benzo(a)pyrene: 5 µg/plate

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

Spontaneous mutation rates of TA98

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

2-nitrofluorene

Remarks:

without S9 mix

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

Spontaneous mutation rates of TA1537

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

9-aminoacridine

Remarks:

without S9 mix

Migrated to IUCLID6: 9-Aminoacridine: 80 µg/plate

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

Spontaneous mutation rates of TA100

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine

Remarks:

without S9 mix

Migrated to IUCLID6: N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine: 3 µg/plate

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

Spontaneous mutation rates of TA1535

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

not specified

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine

Remarks:

Without S9 mix

Migrated to IUCLID6: N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine: 5 µg/plate

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

Spontaneous mutation rates of CM891 WP2

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

not specified

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine

Remarks:

Without S9 mix

Migrated to IUCLID6: N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine: 2 µg/plate

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation) – Experiment 1

DURATION
- Preincubation period for bacterial strains: 10h
- Exposure duration: 48 - 72 hrs
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): Not applicable
- Selection time (if incubation with a selection agent): Not applicable

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: Triplicate plating.

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: plates were assessed for numbers of revertant colonies and examined for effects on the growth of the bacterial background lawn.

METHODS OF APPLICATION: in agar (pre-incubation) – Experiment 2
- Pre-incubation period for bacterial strains: 10hrs
- Exposure duration: 48-72hrs
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): Not applicable
- Selection time (in incubation with a selective agent): 30 minutes at 37 degrees C

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: Triplicate plating.

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
-Method: plates were assessed for numbers of revertant colonies and examined for effects on the growth of the bacterial background lawn.

Evaluation criteria:

The mean number of revertant colonies for all treatment groups is compared with those obtained for solvent control groups. The mutagenic activity of a test substance is assessed by applying the following criteria:
(a) If treatment with a test substance produces an increase in revertant colony numbers of at least twice the concurrent solvent controls, with some evidence of a positive dose-relationship, in two separate experiments, with any bacterial strain either in the presence or absence of S9 mix, it is considered to show evidence of mutagenic activity in this test system. No statistical analysis is performed.
(b) If treatment with a test substance does not produce reproducible increases of at least 1.5 times the concurrent solvent controls, at any dose level with any bacterial strain, it is considered to show no evidence of mutagenic activity in this test system. No statistical analysis is performed.
(c) If the results obtained fail to satisfy the criteria for a clear "positive" or "negative" response given in paragraphs (a) and (b), additional testing may be performed in order to resolve the issue of the test substance's mutagenic activity in this test system. Modifications to the experimental method will usually be considered, such as the use of a narrower dose range and different levels of S9 in the mix. Should an increase in revertant colony numbers then be observed which satisfies paragraph (a) the test substance is considered to show evidence of mutagenic activity in this test system. No statistical analysis is performed.
If no clear "positive" response can be obtained, the test data may be subjected to analysis to determine the statistical significance of any observed increases in revertant colony numbers. The statistical procedures used will be those described by Mahon et al. (1989) and will usually be analysis of variance followed by Dunnett's test.

Statistics:

Standard deviation

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

As toxicity was observed at the top two dose levels in the first test it was decided to omit the highest concentration for the second test. A total of six dose levels were used to ensure that sufficient non-toxic concentrations were assessed.

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

As toxicity was observed at the top two dose levels in the first test it was decided to omit the highest concentration for the second test. A total of six dose levels were used to ensure that sufficient non-toxic concentrations were assessed.

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Toxicity was observed towards all the tester strains at 5000 and 1500 µg/plate.

As toxicity was observed at the top two dose levels in the first test it was decided to omit the highest concentration for the second test

A total of six dose levels were used to ensure that sufficient non-toxic concentrations were assessed. Toxicity was observed towards all tester strains at 1500 and 500 µg/plate. No substantial increases in revertant colony numbers of any of the tester strains were observed following treatment with Montaverdi at any dose level, in the presence or absence of S9 mix, in either mutation test. The mean revertant colony counts for the solvent controls were within the historical range. The concurrent positive control compounds demonstrated the sensitivity of the assay and the metabolizing activity of the liver preparations by causing increases over double the concurrent solvent control.

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative

It is concluded that, when tested in DMSO, Montaverdi shows no evidence of mutagenic activity in this bacterial system.

Executive summary:

In the in vitro assessment of the mutagenic potential of Montaverdi, histidine dependent auxotrophic mutants of Salmonella typhimurium (strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and a tryptophan dependent mutant of Escherichia coli (strain CM891) were exposed to the test substance diluted in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), which was also used as a negative control. Two independent mutation tests were performed in the presence and absence of liver preparations from Aroclor 1254-induced rats (S9 mix). The first was a standard plate incorporation assay, the second involved a pre-incubation stage. Dose levels of up to 5000 µg/plate were tested in the first mutation test. This is the standard limit dose recommended in the regulatory guidelines this assay follows. Other dose levels used were a series of ca half-Iog1o dilutions of the highest concentration. Toxicity was observed towards all the tester strains at 5000 and 1500 µg/plate in the first mutation test, therefore a top dose level of 1500 µg/plate was chosen for the second mutation test. Toxicity was observed towards all the tester strains at 1500 and 500 µg/plate in the second mutation test. No evidence of mutagenic activity was seen at any dose level of Montaverdi in either mutation test.

The concurrent positive control compounds demonstrated the sensitivity of the assay and the metabolizing activity of the liver preparations.

It is concluded that, when tested in DMSO, Montaverdi shows no evidence of mutagenic activity in this bacterial system.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (negative)

Additional information

Additional information from genetic toxicity in vitro:

Justification for selection of genetic toxicity endpoint
Key study because performed according to OECD guidelines and in compliance with GLPTh

Justification for classification or non-classification

The only available study, an Ames test, gives a negative result. Therefore no classification and labelling is required under DSD 67/548/EEC and the CLP Regulation EC 1272/2008.