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EC number: 228-491-9 | CAS number: 6281-42-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2015-10-20 until 2016-05-26
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- Version / remarks:
- July 17, 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: Secondary effluent, microorganisms from a domestic waste water treatment plant
- Details on inoculum:
- The inoculum: Secondary effluent, microorganisms from a domestic waste water treatment plant.
Origin: The secondary effluent was supplied from the sewage plant for domestic sewage in Veszprém, Hungary.
Conditioning: After collection of a fresh sample of secondary effluent it was allowed to settle for approximately one hour then filtrated through a coarse filter paper. Thereafter the filtrate was aerated until use. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 5 mg/L
- Based on:
- COD
- Remarks:
- The chosen test item concentration was based on the measured chemical oxygen demand (COD): 1.21 ±0.023 mg O2/mg test item and on the performed 14-d preliminary test.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: reconstituted water (OECD and EEC recommended) was prepared using deionised water and analytical grade reagents. see table below
- Test temperature: between 21°C and 23.1°C.
- pH: was measured before the beginning of the test in the mineral medium: 7.22
- pH adjusted: no
- Aeration of dilution water: The test medium was aerated for 20 minutes and allowed to stand for about 20 hours at the test temperature.
- Continuous darkness: yes
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: BOD bottles (300 ml) with special neck and glass stoppers.
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: aeration, no more data
- Measuring equipment:
COD Measurement: The COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the test item was determined in the analytical department of the test facility using Lovibond® COD Measuring System.
Measurement of oxygen: The oxygen concentrations were measured with an oxygen meter with a stirring O2 electrode.
Measurement of total oxidised N, Nitrite and nitrate: During the performed 14-days preliminary test the concentration of dissolved oxygen resulted a mean of 7.25 mg O2/L after 14 days of incubation in the test item flasks (1a and 1b), which was nearly at the control level (7.30 mg O2/L), a mean of 0.8% biodegradation was noted within 14 days of the test item, therefore measurement of the total oxidised nitrogen (nitrate and nitrite) concentrations was not performed during the definitive study.
Measurement of temperature: Temperature was measured continuously and registered on weekdays.
SAMPLING : no data
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: yes (2 replicates)
- Abiotic sterile control: no
- Toxicity control: yes (2 replicates)
- Other: group containing the reference item (3.6 mg/L) and inoculum (procedure control, 2 replicates)
STATISTICAL METHODS: none - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Remarks:
- (3.6 mg/L)
- Preliminary study:
- During the performed 14-days preliminary test the concentration of dissolved oxygen resulted a mean of 7.25 mg O2/L after 14 days of incubation in the test item flasks (1a and 1b), which was nearly at the control level (7.30 mg O2/L), a mean of 0.8% biodegradation was noted within 14 days of the test item, therefore measurement of the total oxidised nitrogen (nitrate and nitrite) concentrations was not performed during the definitive study.
- Test performance:
- All validity criteria were respected:
- Oxygen depletion in the inoculum control did not exceed 1.5 mg O2/L after 28 days.
- The residual oxygen concentration in the test flasks did not drop below 0.5 mg O2/L at any time.
- The difference of duplicate values for the degradation at any time during the test was less than 20 %.
- The percentage degradation of the reference item reached the level for ready biodegradability (> 60 %) within 14 days.
- The percentage degradation in the toxicity control containing both the test item and the reference item reached the level for ready biodegradability (> 25 %) by exposure day 14. - Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 5.8
- Sampling time:
- 7 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 5.8
- Sampling time:
- 14 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 7.4
- Sampling time:
- 21 d
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 10.7
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of AEEU reached a mean of 10.7 % after 28 days based on the measured COD of the test item. Therefore the test item is considered not readily biodegradable.
According to the test guidelines the pass level for ready biodegradability is removal of 60 % ThOD.
In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item Sodium benzoate, a mean of 39.6% biodegradation was noted within 14 days and 38.4% biodegradation after 28 days of incubation. - Results with reference substance:
- The reference item Sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded to a mean of 75.0% after 14 days, and to a mean of 79.2 % after 28 days of incubation, based on ThODNH4, thus confirming the suitability of the used inoculum.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of AEEU reached a mean of 10.7 % after 28 days based on the measured COD of the test item. Therefore the test item is considered not readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
The test item AEEU was investigated for its ready biodegradability in a Closed Bottle Test (OECD 301 D) over a period of 28 days. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms during exposure. As a reference item Sodium benzoate was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item, and functioned as a procedure control. The test system was a microbial inoculum of good quality, derived from a sample of secondary effluent taken from the aeration tank of a domestic waste water treatment plant. Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of AEEU reached a mean of 10.7 % after 28 days based on the measured COD of the test item. Therefore the test item is considered not readily biodegradable. According to the test guidelines the pass level for ready biodegradability is removal of 60 % ThOD.
Reference
Table 1. Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations at Different Time Intervals during the Exposure Period of 28 Days
Treatment |
Concentration |
Flask |
mg O2/L after n days of exposure |
||||
[mg/L] |
No. |
0 |
7 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
|
Test item |
1a |
8.5 |
7.2 |
7.1 |
7.1 |
6.5 |
|
5.0 |
1b |
8.4 |
7.2 |
7.1 |
7.0 |
6.6 |
|
mean |
8.45 |
7.20 |
7.10 |
7.05 |
6.55 |
||
Reference item |
2a |
8.5 |
4.1 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
|
3.6 |
2b |
8.5 |
4.1 |
3.1 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
|
mean |
8.50 |
4.10 |
3.00 |
2.60 |
2.50 |
||
Inoculum control |
– |
3a |
8.5 |
7.6 |
7.5 |
7.5 |
7.2 |
3b |
8.5 |
7.6 |
7.5 |
7.6 |
7.3 |
||
mean |
8.50 |
7.60 |
7.50 |
7.55 |
7.25 |
||
Toxicity control |
Test item: 5.0 |
4a |
8.5 |
4.0 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
4b |
8.5 |
4.1 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
||
mean |
8.50 |
4.05 |
2.60 |
2.50 |
2.50 |
Table 2.Oxygen Depletion at Different Time Intervals during the Exposure Period of 28 Days
Treatment |
Concentration |
Flask |
mg O2/L after n days of exposure |
|||
[mg/L] |
No. |
7 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
|
Test item |
5.0 |
1a |
0.40 |
0.40 |
0.45 |
0.75 |
1b |
0.30 |
0.30 |
0.45 |
0.55 |
||
Reference item |
3.6 |
2a |
3.50 |
4.60 |
4.95 |
4.75 |
2b |
3.50 |
4.40 |
4.95 |
4.75 |
||
Toxicity control |
Test item: 5.0 |
4a |
3.60 |
4.90 |
5.05 |
4.75 |
4b |
3.50 |
4.90 |
5.05 |
4.75 |
oxygen depletion : (mt0 - mtx) - (mb0 - mbx), where:
mt0 : oxygen concentration (mg/L) of test group on day 0 (1a, 2a, 4a and 1b, 2b, 4b from Table 1)
mtx: oxygen concentration (mg/L) of test group on day x (1a, 2a, 4a and 1b, 2b, 4b from Table 1)
mb0: oxygen concentration (mg/L) of inoculum blank on day 0 (mean of 3a and 3b from Table 1)
mbx: oxygen concentration (mg/L) of inoculum blank on day x (mean of 3a and 3b from Table 1)
Table 3.BOD at Different Time Intervals during the Exposure Period of 28 Days
Treatment |
Concentration |
Flask |
BOD after n days of exposure |
|||
[mg/L] |
No. |
7 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
|
Test item |
5.0 |
1a |
0.08 |
0.08 |
0.09 |
0.15 |
1b |
0.06 |
0.06 |
0.09 |
0.11 |
||
Reference item |
3.6 |
2a |
0.97 |
1.28 |
1.38 |
1.32 |
2b |
0.97 |
1.22 |
1.38 |
1.32 |
||
Toxicity control |
Test item: 5.0 |
4a |
0.42 |
0.57 |
0.59 |
0.55 |
4b |
0.41 |
0.57 |
0.59 |
0.55 |
BOD = (mg O2 uptake/L of T.i. and/or R.i.-mg O2 uptake/L of i.control) / (mg T.i. and/or R.i./L in flask) = mg O2uptake/mg T.i and/or R.i.
where:
T.i. = test item
R.i. = reference item
i.control = inoculum control
Table 4. Percentage Biodegradation at Different Time Intervals during the Exposure Period of 28 Days
Treatment |
Concentration |
Flask |
Percent of biodegradation after n days of exposure |
|||
[mg/L] |
No. |
7 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
|
Test item |
1a |
6.6 |
6.6 |
7.4 |
12.4 |
|
5.0 |
1b |
5.0 |
5.0 |
7.4 |
9.1 |
|
mean |
5.8 |
5.8 |
7.4 |
10.7 |
||
Reference item |
2a |
58.3 |
76.7 |
82.5 |
79.2 |
|
3.6 |
2b |
58.3 |
73.3 |
82.5 |
79.2 |
|
mean |
58.3 |
75.0 |
82.5 |
79.2 |
||
Toxicity control |
Test item: 5.0 |
4a |
29.1 |
39.6 |
40.8 |
38.4 |
4b |
28.3 |
39.6 |
40.8 |
38.4 |
||
mean |
28.7 |
39.6 |
40.8 |
38.4 |
Biodegradation % = (BOD (mg O2/mg T.i. or R.i.)) / (COD (mg O2/mg T.i.) or ThOD NH4 (mg O2/mg R.i.)) x 100
where:
T.i. = test item
R.i. = reference item
i.control = inoculum control
COD of test item= 1.21 ± 0.023 mg O2/mg test item
ThODNH4of reference item = 1.67 mg O2/mg reference item
The biodegradation in the toxicity control was calculated according to the following formula:
(BOD (mg O2/mg T.i. or R.i.)) / ((COD (mg O2/mg T.i.) + ThOD NH4 (mg O2/mg R.i.)*1/2)) x 100
Description of key information
AEEU attained 10.7% degradation after 28 days and therefore cannot be considered to be readily biodegradable under the strict terms and conditions of OECD Guideline No 301D.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
A GLP-compliant study, scored as Klimisch 1 and flagged as a key study, is available on AEEU, giving 10.7% degradation after 28 days (OECD Guideline No 301D) and revealing that AEEU cannot be considered to be readily biodegradable (K. Sipos, 2016).
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