Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 207-306-5 | CAS number: 460-19-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Carcinogenicity
Administrative data
Description of key information
Ethanedinitrile
The inhalation route is only possible route of admission of ethanedinitrile. Due to a toxikokinetics of ethanedinitrile the long-term studies on cyanides with various routes of admition might be also considered for the assessment. There were no histopatological changes connected to carcinogenicity noted in the long-term toxicity study with ethanedinitrile.
Cyanides
Cyanide has not been reported to cause cancer in people or animals. EPA has determined that cyanide is not classifiable as to its human carcinogenicity (ability to cause cancer in humans) (ATSDR 2006).
There is no evidence that cyanide exposure is correlated with carcinogenicity in humans or animals.
Cyanide has only an indirect genotoxic effect in vitro and in vivo in that dying cells release endonucleases into the cytosol, ultimately resulting in DNA fragmentation (ATSDR 2006).
There are no reliable data on carcinogenicity in animals. However, because of the steep dose-response relationship, it would, from a practical perspective, be extremely challenging to conduct a long-term study whilst maintaining near toxic levels of CN. In a limited 2-year dietary study in rats there were no indications of carcinogenicity in animals fed with diets fumigated with maximum tolerated doses of HCN (JACC I 2007).
The only available chronic study of cyanide that analyzed a wide variety of tissues following near lifetime exposure is an oral rat study (Howard and Hanzal 1955); no tumors or lesions were associated with either dose group following dietary administration of cyanide at doses up to 10.8 mg/kg per day for 2 years. This study is limited by small sample sizes (10/group), histopathologic assessment of only a subset of potential target organs of carcinogenicity, and uncertainty regarding dose due to volatility. Overall, the data are inadequate for an assessment of the human carcinogenic potential of cyanide, based on EPA’s Guidelines for Carcinogenic 90 Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA 2010). Therefore, no quantitative cancer assessment was conducted.
The results of NTP combined chronic toxicity – carcinogenicity study of acetonitrile in rats and mice (NTP 1996) offer an adequate substitute.Extensive two-year inhalation chronic toxicity–carcinogenicity studies with acetonitrile in concentrations 168–670 mg/m3(rats) and 84–335 mg/m3(mice) did not identify any significant treatment-related effects on survival, general health, behaviour, body weight or organ weights in either species. Complete necropsy and histological examination gave no evidence of exposure-related non-neoplastic lesions in rats or mice. Non-significantly higher incidence of hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma in the highest exposure group of male rats was evaluated as equivocal: the incidences remained in the range of historical controls. The relevance of higher incidence of lung tumours in male mice is dubious with respect to increased survival in the highest exposure group of males, and to extremely wide range of historical controls. The incidence of hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma in male mice was not a monotonous function of exposure concentration.
Conclusions
Extremely narrow interval between the lowest effective doses and lethal doses of cyanides renders a carcinogenity study not feasible. Even if such study would be attempted, the interpretation of the results could not eliminate the possibility that the effects are secondary to acute cell injury or destruction resulting from unavoidable cyanide concentration peaks.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Carcinogenicity: via oral route
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
Justification for classification or non-classification
CLP criteria not met
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.