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EC number: 205-788-1 | CAS number: 151-21-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
96h-LC50 = 29 mg/L (measured concentration, freshwater) for Pimephales promelas (OECD 203)
96h-LC50 = 4.1 mg/L (measured concentration, marine water) for Cyprinodon variegatus (ASTM E-35 1980)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 29 mg/L
Marine water fish
Marine water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 4.1 mg/L
Additional information
Numerous studies are available investigating the acute toxicity of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to freshwater and marine fish (see table 1), since SDS is an economically important surfactant and was frequently used as reference substance in toxicity tests. The data set is comprised of several publications with acceptable quality and validity focusing on standard and non-standard species as well as one study report investigating the acute toxicity to the standard species Pimephales promelas (Rawlings 2004). The study was performed according to OECD guideline 203. Fish were exposed in a flow-through system to five test concentrations up to 48 mg/L nominal concentration, corresponding to 40 mg/L measured concentration. Mortality of fish was evaluated every 24 hours throughout the 96h test period. The 96h-LC50 value is determined to be 29 mg/L based on measured concentration. This study is considered to be the most reliable study since it was performed under flow-through conditions and is very well documented as the study was performed for regulatory purposes. Although this effect value is not the lowest observed in the data set it was used for hazard assessment since (i) this study is rated as the most comprehensive and reliable one and (ii) the remaining data set is biased because for most additional species tested several effect values are existing in the literature but always the lowest obtained value per species is listed and no averaging was performed. This was done because the data set is primarily presented to statistically assess the general susceptibility of fish to SDS in comparison to aquatic invertebrates and algae using a conservative approach. To use the effect value from Rawlings (2004) is considered to be acceptable for hazard assessment since classification and labeling as well as PNEC derivation is not based on fish acute toxicity and since this value adequately represents the toxicity (= harmful to fish) of SDS to most freshwater fish species (see table 1).
Based on the profound data set it can be concluded that either marine species are in general more susceptible or SDS is more toxic in the marine environment. The lowest effect value for a standard species was obtained in an acute toxicity test with Cyprinodon variegatus according to the ASTM E-35 (1980) method (Roberts et al. 1982). Fish were exposed to five test concentrations in brackish water (salinity 10 ‰) under static conditions. The 96h-LC50 value is determined to be 4.1 mg/L based on measured concentrations.
Table 1: Acute toxicty of SDS to different freshwater and marine fish species. Publications showing the lowest obtained effect values for a single species are listed.
Species |
Exposure time |
EC/LC50 [mg/L] |
marine/freshwater |
Reference |
Oncorhynchus mykiss |
96h |
4.62 |
fw |
Fogels and Sprague 1977 |
Pimephales promelas Pimephales promelas (fry) |
96h 96h |
29.0 10.20 |
fw |
Rawlings 2004 Newsome 1982 |
Lepomis macrochirus |
96h |
4.50 |
fw |
Bishop and Perry 1981 |
Danio rerio |
96h |
7.97 |
fw |
Fogels and Sprague 1977 |
Rasbora daniconius |
96h |
6.30 |
fw |
Madhyastha et al. 1979 |
Heteropneustes fossilis |
96h |
11.20 |
fw |
Verma et al. 1980 |
Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum |
96h |
16.10 |
fw |
Newsome 1982 |
Cynopoecilus melanotaenia |
96h |
14.90 |
fw |
Arenzon et al. 2003 |
Oreochromis mossambicus |
96h |
19.70 |
fw |
Chen et al. 2001 |
Oryzias latipes |
96h |
12.50 |
fw |
Chen et al. 2001 |
Ctenopharyngodon idella |
96h |
7.70 |
fw |
Susmi et al. 2010 |
Poecilia reticulata |
96h |
13.50 |
fw |
Newsome 1982 |
Channa punctatus |
96h |
19.50 |
fw |
Verma et al. 1980 |
Piaractus brachypomus |
96h |
11.29 |
fw |
Reátegui-Zirena 2012 |
Carassius auratus |
96h |
28.4 |
fw |
Newsome 1982 |
Jordanella floridae |
96h |
8.10 |
fw |
Fogels and Sprague 1977 |
Menida beryllina |
96h |
9.5 |
m |
Hemmer et al. 2010 |
Thalassoma pavo |
96h |
5.23 |
m |
Brunelli et al. 2008 |
Cyprinodon variegatus |
96h |
4.10 |
m |
Roberts et al. 1982 |
Dicentrarchus labrax |
96h |
7.34 |
m |
Mariani et al. 2006 |
Menidia menidia |
96h |
2.80 |
m |
Roberts et al. 1982 |
Gambusia holbrooki |
96h |
15.10 |
m |
Nunes et al. 2005 |
Sparus aurata |
96h |
6.10 |
m |
Ribelles et al. 1995 |
Scophthalmus maximus |
96h |
7.50 |
m |
Rosety-Rodriguez et al. 2002 |
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