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EC number: 260-828-5 | CAS number: 57583-34-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Additional toxicological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional toxicological information
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Basic information given
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 006
Materials and methods
- Type of study / information:
- Examines the fate of the organotins after prolonged use in PVC pipe.
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2-ethylhexyl 10-ethyl-4-[[2-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]thio]-4-methyl-7-oxo-8-oxa-3,5-dithia-4-stannatetradecanoate
- EC Number:
- 260-828-5
- EC Name:
- 2-ethylhexyl 10-ethyl-4-[[2-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]thio]-4-methyl-7-oxo-8-oxa-3,5-dithia-4-stannatetradecanoate
- Cas Number:
- 57583-34-3
- Molecular formula:
- C31H60O6S3Sn
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-ethylhexyl 10-ethyl-4-({2-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl}sulfanyl)-4-methyl-7-oxo-8-oxa-3,5-dithia-4-stannatetradecan-1-oate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): monomethyltin stabilizer and dimethyltin stabilizer
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
Extraction 1:
Data Analysis. All samples show a decrease in tin concentration over the 21 day test period. The highest concentration is observed on day 1, and for most samples the concentration has fallen to near zero by day 10.
We examined in depth several samples that had the highest day 1 values of tin. Using simple models we determined that a simple first order decay curve (as if modeling a chemical reaction) provided a reasonable fit to the data for these particular experiments. A good fit was obtained with an equation of the form: concentration in water = Coexp(-k[t-1])(1 – exp(-k)), where Corepresents the theoretical concentration in water on day 0 and k is a theoretical rate constant.
For all samples the tin concentration on day 1 represents a considerable fraction of the total extracted tin. The values calculated for k show significant differences between the samples, which may be indicative of the different formulations and processing conditions for producing the pipe, which result in different characteristics for leaching.
Most important, however, is the fact that for all of these samples the total concentration of tin that is extracted is around 100 µg/L. Given that total level of extracted tin, and keeping in mind that these were the pipe samples with the highest levels of extracted tin, we can calculate how much of the PVC pipe is losing tin. For pipe with a diameter of 0.5 in (1.3cm), a liter of water would be contained in a length of pipe about 815 cm in length, having a surface area of about 3200 cm2. For PVC with a density of 1.6 gm/cm3, containing 0.5% organotin stabilizer that is 20% tin metal, the 100 µg of tin that is extracted from this piece of pipe would be contained in a layer of pipe that is 200 nanometers thick (0.2 microns).
NSF extraction data, tin concentrationµg/L
Day |
Sample 1 |
Sample 2 |
Sample 3 |
1 |
38.5 |
35.6 |
45.5 |
2 |
6.9 |
11.2 |
15 |
4 |
1.8 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
8 |
1.3 |
2.5 |
1.3 |
10 |
0.4 |
1.8 |
3.8 |
15 |
0.4 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
21 |
0.1 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
C0 |
67 |
85 |
105 |
k |
1.7 |
1.05 |
1.04 |
|
|
|
|
Extraction 2:
The fusion curves were very similar and showed a reasonable processing time before decomposition began. This indicates that after 39 years of service the PVC pipe still has active stabilizers.
Measurement of the tin content of the 40 year old pipe by XRF analysis gave a value of 0.30%, in reasonable agreement with the chemical analysis.
Using the SIMS profiling analysis the tin content was measured near the inner and outer surfaces, and at the center of the pipe. Analysis of the outer surface shows that the tin level is constant and is at the same level of tin as the center of the pipe. Analysis of the inside of the pipe gave a different result. At the inner surface the tin content is lower than that at the center of the pipe, but it increases to the level of the center 1 micron from the inner pipe wall. Two factors are driving the change in Sn intensity. The first being a build up of silica or silicates on the surface and extraction of the Sn. In addition, the Sn distribution suggests the organotin extraction could be diffusion limited.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The extraction tests done on new pipe by NSF show that the level of tin migrating from the pipe is low, and drops very quickly to near zero. The tests on the 40 year old pipe show that the pipe has lost very little additional tin over the 39 year service life. Furthermore, the tin that remains in the pipe is in the form of an active stabilizer, allowing the PVC to be processed without additional stabilizer needing to be added.
Based on this work, it is clear that organotins are not leaching out of the pipe at significant levels, and that they maintain their integrity as stabilizers when in the PVC. Equally important, this means that the long term durability, the longevity, of PVC pipe is not reduced by loss of stabilizer.
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