Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 619-020-1 | CAS number: 94361-06-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- effects on growth of green algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 22 Sep 1986 to 7 November 1986
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- June 7, 1984
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples of 5.0 mL each were taken 0 and 96 hours after exposure from untreated, 0.125, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L test substance treated algae suspensions. Until analysis, the samples were stored at - 20 °C.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Not reported
- Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- The algae were grown in the test facility under standardised conditions.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 2 ˚C
- pH:
- 7.2 - 8.2
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Nominal concentrations: 0 (negative control), 0.032, 0.063, 0.125, 0.250, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL
- Measured concentrations: Mean measured concentrations were determined for 0.125, 0.50 and 1.0 mg/L treatments resulting in 0.094, 0.451 and 0.939 mg/mL, respectively - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 50 mL Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type: Stoppered with cotton wool plugs
- Shaking during incubation: 120 strokes/min
- Initial cells density: 10,000 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration: 3
- No. of vessels per control: 3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: Yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Intervals of water quality measurement:
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: Continuous
- Light intensity: 8000 Lux
- Light source: Eight fluorescent tubes, installed above the shaking water bath in a distance from the algae flasks of about 20 cm.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Sampling intervals: Samples of algae were taken after 24, 48, 72 and -96 hours of incubation.
- Determination of cell concentrations: The number of algae after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours was determined spectrophotometrically
on a spectrophotometer by reading the absorption at 700 nm and using a standard curve established with known (counted) cell density. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.077 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- 0.021 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- An overview of the results is provided in Table 2 in ‘Any other information on results incl. tables’.
DENSITY
At the start of the test, the initial algal density was 1.0E+4 cells/mL Following 72-hours of exposure, the cell density in the control averaged as 1.3E+06. The 72-hour cell density in the 0.032, 0.063, 0.125, 0.250, 0.50 and 1.0 mg/L treatment levels were 9.84E+05, 4.88E+05, 2.65E+05, 2.07E+05, 1.44E+05 and 1.27E+05 cells/mL, respectively. After 96 hours treatment, the cell density in the control averaged as 2.45E+06. The average cell density in the 0.032, 0.063, 0.125, 0.250, 0.50 and 1.0 mg/L treatment levels were 2.33E+06, 1.44E+06, 4.69E+05, 2.92E+05, 2.10E+05 and 1.93E+05 cells/mL, respectively.
AUC
The biomass integrals were determined by the areas under the growth curves of algal cultures with different concentrations of the test item. Following 96-hours of exposure, mean area under the growth curve in the control was 7.12E+07. The 96-hour mean area under the growth curve in the 0.032, 0.063, 0.125, 0.250, 0.50 and 1.0 mg/L treatment levels were 6.037E+07, 3.617E+07, 1.864E+07, 1.49E+07, 1.061E+07, and 1.007E+07, respectively. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- An overview of the results is provided in Table 3 in ‘Any other information on results incl. tables’.
DENSITY
At the start of the test, the initial algal density was 1.0E+4 cells/mL Following 72-hours of exposure, the cell density in the control averaged as 7.3E+05. The 72-hour cell density in the 0.6, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8 and 2.2 mg/L treatment levels were 5.47E+05, 3.26E+05, 1.86E+05, 1.15E+05 and 7.06E+04 cells/mL, respectively. After 96 hours treatment, the cell density in the control averaged as 2.13E+07. The average cell density in the 0.6, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8 and 2.2 mg/L treatment levels were 1.776E+06, 1.08E+06, 5.783E+05, 3.064E+05 and 1.195E+05 cells/mL, respectively.
AUC
The biomass integrals were determined by the areas under the growth curves of algal cultures with different concentrations of the test item. Following 96-hours of exposure, mean area under the growth curve in the control was 4.6E+07. The 96-hour mean area under the growth curve in the the 0.6, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8 and 2.2 mg/L treatment levels were 3.7E+07, 2.3E+07, 1.3E+07, 7.0E+06 and 5.0E+06, respectively. The 96h EbC50 of potassium dichromate was 0.998 mg/L. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Based on the findings, the 96-h EbC0 was calculated to be 0.021 mg/L and the 96-h EbC50 was calculated to be 0.077 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The influence of the test substance on the growth of the freshwater algae, Desmodesmus subspicatus, was investigated in a 96-hour static test following OECD TG 201. The study was conducted in compliance with GLP criteria. The algae were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0.032, 0.063, 0.125, 0.250, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL (mean measured concentrations were determined for 0.125, 0.50 and 1.0 mg/L treatments, resulting in 0.094, 0.451 and 0.939 mg/mL, respectively, corresponding to 75.2%, 90.2% respectively 93.9% of nominal; measured by GLC). In addition, a negative control and a positive control (potassium dichromate, five concentrations) were included in this study as well. Three replicates per test concentration and control each containing an initial algal density was 1.0E+04 cells/mL were used. The test was carried out under the following conditions: 20 °C, 8000 lux light intensity at the level of the test solutions, pH 7.2 – 8.2. Small volumes (2-5 mL) of all test concentrations and controls were taken from all test flasks after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure. The algal cell densities in these samples were determined by a spectrophotometer (absorption at 700 nm).
In the results, a clear dose-responsive toxicity profile is observed. After 72 hours, the cell density in the control averaged as 1.3E+06. The 72-hour cell density in the 0.032, 0.063, 0.125, 0.250, 0.50 and 1.0 mg/L treatment levels were 9.84E+05, 4.88E+05, 2.65E+05, 2.07E+05, 1.44E+05 and 1.27E+05 cells/mL, respectively. After 96-hours of exposure, mean area under the growth curve in the control was 7.12E+07. The 96-hour mean area under the growth curve in the 0.032, 0.063, 0.125, 0.250, 0.50 and 1.0 mg/L treatment levels were 6.037E+07, 3.617E+07, 1.864E+07, 1.49E+07, 1.061E+07, and 1.007E+07, respectively. Based on the findings, the 96-h EbC0 was graphically determined to be 0.021 mg/L and the 96-h EbC50 was calculated to be 0.077 mg/L.
Reference
Table 2. Influence of the test substance on algae growth. (Values given represent mean of triplicate
samples).
Concentration (mg/L) |
Number of cell a |
AUC b |
Inhibition % |
|||
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
96 h |
|||
0 (control) |
10.0 |
30.6 |
133.5 |
245.1 |
7120 |
- |
0.032 |
10.8 |
25.9 |
98.4 |
232.9 |
6037 |
15.2 |
0.063 |
9.9 |
19.9 |
48.8 |
144.2 |
3617 |
49.2 |
0.125 |
11.1 |
16.6 |
26.5 |
46.9 |
1864 |
73.8 |
0.250 |
11.9 |
14.9 |
20.7 |
29.2 |
1490 |
79.1 |
0.50 |
8.8 |
10.5 |
14.4 |
21.0 |
1061 |
85.1 |
1.0 |
9.1 |
10.5 |
12.7 |
19.3 |
1007 |
85.9 |
a. Number of cells per ml divided by 10000 which were determined after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, respectively.
b. Represents area under the curve divided by 10000 and corrected for initial cell density = 10000 per mL.
Table 3. Influence of potassium dichromate on algal growth. (Values given represent mean of triplicate samples).
Concentration (mg/L) |
Number of cell a |
AUC b |
Inhibition % |
|||
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
96 h |
|||
0 (control) |
1.15 |
12.53 |
73.00 |
213.20 |
4600 |
- |
0.6 |
1.19 |
10.36 |
54.73 |
117.60 |
3700 |
19.6 |
1.0 |
0.91 |
7.61 |
32.63 |
108.00 |
2300 |
50.0 |
1.4 |
0.83 |
5.22 |
18.63 |
57.83 |
1300 |
71.7 |
1.8 |
0.67 |
2.90 |
11.50 |
30.64 |
700 |
84.8 |
2.2 |
0.71 |
2.47 |
7.06 |
19.15 |
500 |
89.1 |
a. Number of cells per ml divided by 10000 which were determined after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, respectively.
b. Represents area under the curve divided by 10000 and corrected for initial cell density = 10000 per mL.
Description of key information
All available data was assessed and the studies representing the worst-case effects are included here as key. The results can be considered worst-case and are selected for the CSA. Other studies are included as supporting information.
Freshwater, 96-h EbC0 = 0.021 mg/L, static, Desmodesmus subspicatus, OECD TG 201, Ellgehausen 1986
Freshwater, 96-h EbC50 = 0.077 mg/L, static, Desmodesmus subspicatus, OECD TG 201, Ellgehausen 1986
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 0.077 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 0.021 mg/L
Additional information
There are three standard guideline followed and GLP compliant studies available for this endpoint. The 96-h study on freshwater green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) is selected to be the key study, because it represents the worst-case effects (i.e. showed the lowest effect value) for freshwater conditions. The algae were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0.032, 0.063, 0.125, 0.250, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL (mean measured concentrations were determined for 0.125, 0.50 and 1.0 mg/L treatments, resulting in 0.094, 0.451 and 0.939 mg/mL, respectively; measured by GLC). In addition, a negative control was included in this study as well. Three replicates per test concentration and control each containing an initial algal density of 1.0E+04 cells/mL was used. Small volumes (2 - 5 mL) of all test concentrations and controls were taken from all test flasks after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure. The algal cell densities in these samples were determined by a spectrophotometer (absorption at 700 nm).
After 96-hours of exposure, mean area under the growth curve in the control was 7.12E+07. The 96-hour mean area under the growth curve in the 0.032, 0.063, 0.125, 0.250, 0.50 and 1.0 mg/L treatment levels were 6.037E+07, 3.617E+07, 1.864E+07, 1.49E+07, 1.061E+07, and 1.007E+07, respectively. Based on nominal concentrations, the 96-h EbC0 was graphically determined to be 0.021 mg/L and the 96-h EbC50 was calculated to be 0.077 mg/L (Ellgehausen 1986, OECD TG 201, Reliability 2).
The other two studies are supporting studies. The first supporting study was performed with the freshwater green algae Raphidocelis subcapitata. The algae were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0.010, 0.032, 0.10, 0.32, 1.0, 3.2 and 10 mg/L (mean measured concentrations were 0.00894, 0.0300, 0.0972, 0.304, 0.972, 3.02 and 10.0 mg/L, respectively). Based on nominal concentrations, the 72-h NOErC was derived to be 0.032 mg/L. The effects of the test substance on growth rate inhibition were not significant enough to determine a reliable ErC50, which was therefore derived to be >10 mg/L (Weber 2010, OECD TG 201, Reliability 1). The second supporting study was performed with the freshwater green algae Chlorella vulgaris. The algae were exposed to nominal test substance concentrations of 0 (control), 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 µg/L (mean measured: ND, 45.9, 97.5, 196, 392, 820 and 1530 µg/L, respectively). Based on mean measured concentrations, the 72-hour NOErC was determined to be 392 µg/L and the 72-hour ErC50 was determined to be 1176 µg/L (Jenkins 1993, OECD TG 201, Reliability 1).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.