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EC number: 252-021-1 | CAS number: 34432-92-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 30.08.-9.11.2012
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This study was carried out in accordance with internationally valid GLP principles.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- (see Overall remarks)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Target gene:
- gene for synthesis histidine or tryptophan
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other: histidine requiring strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other: tryptophan requiring strain
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- postmitochondrial fraction (S9)
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500, 5000 μg/plate
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Dimethylsulfoxide for analysis (purity>99.9%), Merck, Lot No. K41063052 028
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- (Dimethylsulfoxide)
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- sodium azide
- other: 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine; 9-aminoacridine hydrochloride monohydrate; 2-aminofluorene; 2-aminoanthracene; N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION:
in agar (plate incorporation)
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
two series of experiments were performed with each strain - without and with metabolic activation, triplicate plating was used at each dose level
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: total growth - Evaluation criteria:
- The main criterion for evaluation of results was modified two-fold increase rule which is compatible with the aplication of statistical methods. After this rule the result is positive, if a reproducible dose-response effect occurs and/or a doubling of the ratio Rt/Rc is reached.
- Statistics:
- For the evaluation of results, the modified two-fold increase rule was used, which is compatible with the application of statistical methods (2, 3).
2. Dunkel V. C., Chu K.C. (1980): Evaluation of methods for analysis of microbial mutagenicity assays, in The Predictive Value of Short-Term Screening Tests in Carcinogenicity Evaluation, Elsevier North-Holland Biomedical Press, 231 - 240
3. Claxton L. D. et al. (1987): Guide for the Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian microsome tests for bacterial mutagenicity, Mutat. Res. 189, 83 - 91 - Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- other: no toxicity with TA 100 (without metabolic activation)
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- ambiguous
- Remarks:
- ambiguous slight mutagenic effect
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not determined
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not determined
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative with metabolic activation
other: negative, but result of TA 98 with metabolic activation could be evaluated as ambiguous slight mutagenic effect
Under the above-described experimental design, the test substance Solvent Yellow 124 was nonmutagenic for all the Salmonella typhimurium as well as Escherichia coli strains in experiments without metabolic activation. It was nonmutagenic also for Salmonella typhimurium TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537 and for Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA with metabolic activation. The results in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 with metabolic activation could be evaluated as ambiguous slight mutagenic effect. - Executive summary:
Test substance Solvent Yellow 124 was assayed for the mutagenicity by the Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test.
The performed test was based on EU method B.13/14 Mutagenicity – Reverse mutation test using bacteria, which is analogous to the OECD Test Guideline No. 471.
Four indicator Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537 and one indicator Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA strain were used. The test substance was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide and assayed in doses of 5-5000 µg, which were applied to plates in volume of 0.1 mL.
Experiments were performed without as well as with metabolic activation with a supernatant of rat liver and a mixture of cofactors.
In the arrangement given above, the test substance Solvent Yellow 124 was nonmutagenic for all the Salmonella typhimurium as well as Escherichia coli strains in experiments without metabolic activation. It was nonmutagenic also for Salmonella typhimurium TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537 and for Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA with metabolic activation.
The results in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 with metabolic activation could be evaluated as ambiguous slight mutagenic effect.- Endpoint:
- in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 14.11.1988
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Standards to be observed Mutagenity Testing Institutions
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test
- Species / strain / cell type:
- other: Chinese hamster lung (CHL/IU) cell line
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- microsomal enzyme fraction (S9)
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 156, 313, 625, 1250 , 2500, 5000 µg/ml preliminary test
consequently
156, 313, 625 µg/ml for continuous treatment
313, 625 and 1250 µg/ml for pulse treatment - Vehicle / solvent:
- DMSO Dimethylsulfoxid
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- mitomycin C
- Remarks:
- without metabolic activation
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- N-dimethylnitrosamine
- Remarks:
- with metabolic activation
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium DMSO
DURATION
- Preincubation period: in principle 3 days
- Exposure duration: continuous experiment - 24 a 48 hours, pulse experiment - 6 hours followed 18 hours culture period
- Fixation time (start of exposure up to fixation or harvest of cells): 24 (or 48)+2 hours
STAIN (for cytogenetic assays): Giemsa
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 2
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: 2x10000
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: counting the number of metaphase cells of 600 cells ( with added colcemid) - Species / strain:
- other: Chinese hamster lung (CHL/IU) cell line
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: strain/cell type: metaphase cells
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
Solvent Yellow-124 is considered to be negative in chromosome aberration test to CHL/IU cells in vitro. - Executive summary:
This study was designed to assess the potential chromosome aberration of Solvent yellow 124, on the metaphase chromosome analysis of Chinese hamster lung (CHL/IU) cell line.
Solvent Yellow-124 demostrated no increase in both the frequency of structural and numerical chromosome aberration with and without metabolic activation method. Solvent Yellow-124 is therefore considered to be negative under this experiment design.
Referenceopen allclose all
The results obtained in most experiments did not show substantial (biologically significant) increases in the number of revertants versus solvent controls (Rt/ Rc < 2), and no experiment gave evidence of a rising trend in the number of revertants with increasing dose.
In some cases, experiments with increased values of revertants occurred, exclusively with metabolic activation. It concerns the following experiments:
- TA 100 +MAII, trend to 500 µg per plate Rt/Rc max =1.5;
- TA 1535 +MAI trend to 1500 µg per plate Rt/Rc max =1.7;
- TA 98 +MAI trend to 500 µg per plate ,max Rt/Rc 1.9 and experiment +MAII, max Rt/Rc =1.6;
- E. coli + MAII, without any trend, max. Rt/Rc =1.5; increase caused rather by lower solvent control value.
In case of TA 100, TA 1535 and E.coli the results were neither confirmed by the parallel experiments nor Rt/Rt reached 2. In case of TA 98, increased values of revertants were observed in both experiments, while dose-response relationship was observed in the first experiment only. It could be caused relatively small enhancement of number of revertants and large variability of the biological system. Anyway, such increasing is not common in negative experiments.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Genetic toxicity in vivo
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / erythrocyte micronucleus
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 25.9.-17.10.2000
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This study was carried out in accordance with internationally valid GLP principles.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 474 (Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- micronucleus assay
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- NMRI
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: M & B A/S, DK-8680 Ry
- Age at study initiation: 7 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 28-33g
- Assigned to test groups randomly: yes, using a randomisation scheme
- Fasting period before study: no data
- Housing: groups of 2 or 5 in transparent polycarbonate (macrolone type III) cages ( floor area: 810 cm2)
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum, domestic drinking quality acified with HCl to pH 2.5 in order to prevent microbial growth
- Acclimation period: 7 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21°C±3°C
- Humidity (%): 55% ±15%
- Air changes (per hr): 10
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12 - Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- sezame oil
- Details on exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
Solutions were prepared in warm sezame oil aprox. 37°C at concentrations 50, 100, and 200 mg/ml fresly before use. These solutions were used to dose the mice at 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg using a fixed dose volume of 10 ml/kg. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24,48 hours
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
2000 mg/kg
Basis:
actual ingested - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5 males (24 hours) and 5 males (48 hours)
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control(s):
- cyclophosphamide
- Route of administration: oral (gavage)
- Doses / concentrations: 20 mg/kg - Tissues and cell types examined:
- • A bluish mauve strongly coloured uniform circular particle in the cell
• The particle should have a certain size (not being punctiform) and it should be located in the same plane as the cell (cell and the micronucleus should be in focus at the same time)
• During focusing, the particle should stay uniform in colour, light refraction and shape within a relatively large interval
• Cells with 2 or more micronuclei were counted as single micronucleated cells - Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- CRITERIA FOR DOSE SELECTION: In the preliminary toxicity test, no adverse reactions to treatment was observed at 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight. Accordingly 2000 mg/kg was selected for the main test as the maximum dose level required by OECD quideline for materials of low toxicity.
DETAILS OF SLIDE PREPARATION:
The cell suspension bone marow from each femur in 2.5 ml of foetal calf serumwas centrifuged for 10 minutes at 1000 rpm and most of the supernatant was removed. The cells were resuspesed in the remainder and smeared on clean glass slides. The slide prepartion was fixed in methanol and stained with Giemsa. The slides were dried and coverslips were aplied using Dammarxylen® mountant - Evaluation criteria:
- • increases in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes were observed in treated animals compared to the corresponding negative controls
• the increases were reproducible between the animals of each group
• the increases were statistically significant
• the increases exceeded historical control range for this laboratory - Statistics:
- SAS® procedures (v 6.12) described in “SAS®/STAT User´s Guide, Version 6, Fourth Edition, Vol. 1+2”, 1989, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina 27513, USA
- Sex:
- male
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Toxicity:
- no effects
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information): negative
It is concluded that Solvent Yellow 124 showed no evidence of mutagenic or clastogenic activity in this mouse micronucleus test after administration by oral gavage. - Executive summary:
Solvent Yellow 124 was tested in the Mouse Micronucleus Test performed in accordance with the OECD quideline “Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test”, No 474 (1997).
In the main test, a group of male mice was treated with a solution of the test article in sesame oil at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg. A negative control group was dosed with sesame oil, and a positive control group was dosed with Cyclophosphamide at 20mg/kg. All the mice were dosed by oral gavage on one occasion using a dose volume of 10 ml/kg body weight.
Bone marrow samples were taken from five mice from each of the three groups 24 hours after dosing and from five mice of the test article treatment and negative control groups 48 hours after dosing. Bone marrow smears were prepared on glass slides, stained, and scored using a microscope.
No adverse clinical sings were observed in the nice. All mice treated with the test article lost weight during the treatment period. The urine of mice treated with the test article was dark yellow two hours after dosing. The internal organs of these mice were also coloured yellow after 48 hours after they had been dosed. These observations demonstrate systemic distribution of the test article and/or its metabolite s, and hence, exposure of the bone marrow. No reduction in the frequency of polychromatic erythrocytes among total erythrocytes was observed after treatment with Solvent Yellow 124, indicating that there was no toxic effect on the bone marrow.
No biologically or statistically significant increases in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes were seen in mice treated with Solvent Yellow 124.
A large statistically significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed in the positive control group, demonstrating the sensitivity of the test system.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Additional information
Additional information from genetic toxicity in vivo:
It is concluded that Solvent Yellow 124 showed no evidence of mutagenic or clastogenic activity in this mouse micronucleus test after administration by oral gavage.
Justification for selection of genetic toxicity endpoint
The Mouse Micronucleus Test performed in accordance with the OECD
quideline “Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test”, No 474 (1997) is
recent in vivo study.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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