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EC number: 233-050-9 | CAS number: 10025-99-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
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- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
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- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
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- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
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- Nanomaterial specific surface area
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) (0.5 g) was not irritating following a 4-hr occluded application to the shaved intact skin of three rabbits (Safepharm, 1981b).
In a guideline study, potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) (0.1 g instillation) produced irreversible irritation in two groups of three rabbits (one washed the other unwashed) within a 7-day observation period (Safepharm, 1982).
No relevant respiratory tract irritation data were identified.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 18 November 1981 – 21 November 1981
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study, to GLP
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- See below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The fur of the rabbits was clipped 4-16 hrs prior to commencement of the study but the guidelines suggest that this should be done “approximately 24 hours before the test”. The test material was applied under an occlusive patch, whereas the guidelines state that “a suitable semi-occlusive dressing” should be used.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Nottingham University, School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire
- Weight at study initiation: 2.10-2.45 kg
- Housing: individually in suspended metal cages
- Diet: ad libitum rabbit diet supplied by John Waring (Feeds) Limited, Shardlow, Derbyshire
- Water: ad libitum
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 ± 3
- Air changes (per hr): a minimum of 20/hr
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): lighting cycle of 12 hrs on and 12 hrs off with no daylight - Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- water
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 g
VEHICLE
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): enough to moisten the test substance
- Purity: sterile distilled water - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 hrs
- Observation period:
- 1, 24, 48 and 72 hrs after removal of the patch
- Number of animals:
- Three, sex not specified
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: not specified
- Type of wrap if used: a composite patch consisting of 6.25 cm2 of absorbent lint BPC backed by 16.0 cm2 of absorbent lint BPC with a final backing of 9.0 cm2 of polythene. The patch was then secured in position with two lengths of Sleek adhesive strapping supplied by Smith & Nephew Ltd, in the form of a cross and the trunk of each animal was wrapped in an elasticated corset (Seaton’s Tubigrip).
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): yes, gentle swabbing with cotton wool soaked in lukewarm water
- Time after start of exposure: 4 hrs
SCORING SYSTEM: The test sites were examined for evidence of primary irritation approximately 1 hr following removal of the patch and 24, 48 and 72 hrs later and scored according to the method of Draize (1959). The scores for erythema (and eschar) formation and oedema formation at the 1, 24, 48 and 72 hr observation times were totalled for the three rabbits (24 values) and divided by 12 to give the primary cutaneous irritation index. This was then used to classify the skin irritation properties of the test material according to the scheme by Draize (1959):
Primary Irritation Index Classification
0 Non-irritant
>0 – 2 Mild irritant
>2 – 5 Moderate irritant
>5 – 8 Severe irritant - Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1, 24, 48 and 72 hrs after removal of the patch
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 8
- Reversibility:
- other: Not applicable
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- There was no evidence of any cutaneous irritant effects in any of the treated rabbits throughout the observation period.
- Other effects:
- No systemic effects noted.
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- In a guideline study, potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) (0.5 g) was not irritating following a 4-hr occluded application to the shaved intact skin of three rabbits.
- Executive summary:
In a study conducted to OECD Test Guideline 404, potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) (0.5 g) was applied (occluded) to the shaved intact skin of three rabbits. After 4 hrs, the dressings were removed, any residual material immediately removed from the skin sites by gentle swabbing and, 1 hr later, the formation of erythema (and eschar) and oedema assessed. Readings were also made 24, 48 and 72 hr after patch removal, and the sum of these values combined and divided by 12 to give a primary cutaneous irritation score of 0.0. No systemic toxic effects were reported.
Under EU CLP criteria (EC 1272/2008), potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) would not be classified as a skin irritant under the conditions of this test.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 9 December 1981 – 16 December 1981
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study, to GLP
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- see below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- In one group of animals the eye remained unwashed and in the other group the eye was washed 30 seconds after instillation of the test material. The guideline states that “the eyes of the test animals should not be washed for at least 24 hours following instillation of the test substance, except for solids, and in case of immediate corrosive or irritating effects. At 24 hours a washout may be used if considered appropriate.” It goes on to say, in the case of solids, that “if the solid test substance has not been removed from the eye of the test animal by physiological mechanisms at the first observation time point of 1 hour after treatment, the eye may be rinsed with saline or distilled water.” The guideline strongly recommends that “the in vivo test be performed initially using one animal” and if the result indicates a corrosive or severe irritant effect further testing should not be performed. This study used test groups of 3 animals. The animals were examined 7 days after treatment to assess the reversibility of the effects however the guideline states that “to determine reversibility of effects, the animals should be observed normally for 21 days post administration”.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Nottingham University, School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire
- Weight at study initiation: 2.08-2.42 kg
- Housing: individually in suspended metal cages
- Diet: ad libitum rabbit diet supplied by J. Waring Limited, Shardlow, Derbyshire
- Water: ad libitum
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 ± 3
- Air changes (per hr): a minimum of 20 /hr
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): lighting cycle of 12 hrs on, 12 hrs off with no daylight - Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: Yes, untreated eye
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 100 mg - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- “Unwashed group” - Eye not rinsed, therefore possibly up to 7 days
“Washed group” - 30 seconds - Observation period (in vivo):
- 1, 24, 48 and 72 hrs after application and, if irritation persisted, an additional reading was made at day 7 to assess reversibility or irreversibility.
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 6 (3/group), sex not specified
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): yes, in one of the groups
- Time after start of exposure: 30 seconds
SCORING SYSTEM: Assessment of damage/irritation in both the washed and unwashed groups was made 1, 24, 48 and 72 hr following instillation of the test material, according to the numerical evaluation of Draize (1965). The test material was then assigned a Group Total Score for Eye Irritation.
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: standard ophthalmoscope (Keeler). The degree of irritation was further investigated at 24 hr under ultra-violet illumination (Mineralight UVSL-58) preceded by the instillation into the eye of fluorescein B.P. - Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- other: Group Total Score, unwashed group
- Time point:
- other: 1, 24, 48, 72 hrs and 7 days
- Score:
- ca. 99
- Max. score:
- 195
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- other: Total score, unwashed group
- Time point:
- other: 1, 24, 48, 72 hrs and 7 days
- Score:
- ca. 10
- Max. score:
- 60
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: See below - (1)
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- other: Total score, unwashed group
- Time point:
- other: 1, 24, 48, 72 hrs and 7 days
- Score:
- ca. 13
- Max. score:
- 30
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: See below - (2)
- Irritation parameter:
- other: conjunctivae score (redness)
- Basis:
- other: Total score, unwashed group
- Time point:
- other: 1, 24, 48 and 72 hrs and 7 days
- Score:
- ca. 31
- Max. score:
- 45
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: See below - (3)
- Irritation parameter:
- other: conjunctivae score (chemosis)
- Basis:
- other: Total score, unwashed group
- Time point:
- other: 1, 24, 48 and 72 hrs and 7 days
- Score:
- ca. 45
- Max. score:
- 60
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: See below - (4)
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- other: Group Total Score, washed group
- Time point:
- other: 1, 24, 48, 72 hrs and 7 days
- Score:
- ca. 82
- Max. score:
- 195
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- other: Total score, washed group
- Time point:
- other: 1, 24, 48, 72 hrs and 7 days
- Score:
- ca. 2
- Max. score:
- 60
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: See below - (5)
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- other: Total score, washed group
- Time point:
- other: 1, 24, 48, 72 hrs and 7 days
- Score:
- ca. 9
- Max. score:
- 30
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: see below - (6)
- Irritation parameter:
- other: conjunctivae score (redness)
- Basis:
- other: Total score, washed group
- Time point:
- other: 1, 24, 48 and 72 hrs and 7 days
- Score:
- ca. 32
- Max. score:
- 45
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: See below - (7)
- Irritation parameter:
- other: conjunctivae score (chemosis)
- Basis:
- other: Total score, washed group
- Time point:
- other: 1, 24, 48 and 72 hrs and 7 days
- Score:
- ca. 39
- Max. score:
- 60
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: See below - (8)
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- (1) Slight diffuse corneal opacity was seen in all of the treated animals after 24 hrs. Reversibility was only noted in one of the three rabbits at the 72 hr observation period, however there was no improvement in the degree of irritation in the remaining two rabbits at up to 7 days.
(2) Iridial congestion was noted in all of the treated animals after 1 hr. Reversibility was seen in only one of the three rabbits at the 72 hr observation period, and there was no improvement in the degree of irritation in the remaining two rabbit at up to 7 days.
(3) One hr following treatment, slight to diffuse crimson redness was seen in the conjunctival palpebra of all of the treated rabbits, the effect being more marked at the 24 hr observation time with diffuse beefy redness of the palpebra being apparent in two of the three animals. After 48 and 72 hrs, one rabbit showed a slight improvement and another a significant improvement in the irritation, whereas no improvement was seen in the third. The effect was completely reversible by the 7 day observation period in only one of the animals.
(4) Slight to moderate chemosis was seen in all of the treated animals after 1 hr, with the effect becoming more marked after 24 hrs and all animals showing severe chemosis with the lids more than half closed. A slight improvement was seen in one rabbit after 48 hrs and in another after 72 hrs but no improvement was seen in the third animal. The effect had completely disappeared in only one of the three rabbits by the 7 day observation period.
(5) Slight, diffuse corneal opacity was seen in one of the three rabbits at the 24 and 48 hr observation times and the effect had totally disappeared 72 hrs after treatment.
(6) Iridial congestion was seen 1 hr after treatment in all of the treated animals. The irritation became less marked as the observation period proceeded and complete recovery was noted in all of the rabbits after 7 days.
(7) Redness of the conjunctival palpebra was noted in all of the treated rabbits 1 hr after instillation and became a diffuse beefy redness after 24 hrs in two of the animals. Slight recovery was seen in these two animals after 48 hrs but the irritation persisted throughout the entire 7 day observation period.
(8) Slight to moderate chemosis was noted in all of the treated animals after 1 hr, with severe chemosis being recorded in 2 of the rabbits at 24 hrs. The effect had become more marked in the third animal. By 48 hrs, the irritation in the two animals had improved slightly but no further improvement was seen in any of the animals up to the 7 day observation time.
The test material produced moderate ocular irritation in all of the treated rabbits when the eye remained unwashed or was washed after 30 seconds. Irritant effects were recorded in the cornea, iris and conjunctiva. In the unwashed group, only one of the three rabbits showed evidence of complete reversibility after 7 days, the other two showing no improvement in the degree of irritation between the 72 hr and 7 day observation times. When the eye was washed, all evidence of corneal and iridial irritation had disappeared by the 72 hr and 7 day readings respectively. Conjunctival redness and chemosis persisted throughout the 7 day recovery period. - Other effects:
- No data
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- In a guideline eye irritation study, potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) (0.1 g) produced a group total score of 99 following application into the eye of three rabbits, when the eye was left unwashed. When the test material was washed from the eye 30 seconds following instillation into the eye of a further three rabbits, a group total score of 82 was produced. The observed irritation was not reversible within the 7-day observation period in either group.
- Executive summary:
In an OECD Test Guideline 405 study, potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) (0.1 g) was instilled into the conjunctival sac of the right eye of six rabbits and both lids were briefly closed for about 1 second. The other eye remained untreated and acted as the control. In half of the animals, the treated eye was irrigated with 100 ml sterile distilled water, 30 seconds following instillation. Assessment of damage/irritation to the cornea, iris and conjunctiva of the treated eye, using the Draize scale, was made 1, 24, 48 and 72 hrs following treatment. If irritation was persistent at 72 hrs, an additional reading was made on day 7 in order to assess the reversibility of the effects. These scores were then combined to give a Group Total Score for Eye Irritation of 99 (out of 195) for the unwashed eye and 82 (out of 195) for the washed eye. In both groups, the effects were not reversible within the 7-day period.
Based on the results of this study, potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) should be classified as Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) according to EU CLP criteria (EC 1272/2008).
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
No relevant irritation/corrosion human data were identified.
In a study conducted to OECD Test Guideline 404, potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) (0.5 g) was applied (occluded) to the shaved intact skin of three rabbits. After 4 hrs, the dressings were removed, any residual material immediately removed from the skin sites by gentle swabbing and, 1 hr later, the formation of erythema (and eschar) and oedema assessed. Readings were also made 24, 48 and 72 hr after patch removal, and the sum of these values combined and divided by 12 to give a primary cutaneous irritation score of 0.0. No systemic toxic effects were reported (Safepharm, 1981b).
In an OECD Test Guideline 405 study, potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) (0.1 g) produced a group total score of 99 following application into the eye of three rabbits, when the eye was left unwashed. When the test material was washed from the eye 30 seconds following instillation into the eye of a further three rabbits, a group total score of 82 was produced. The observed irritation was not reversible within the 7-day observation period in either group (Safepharm, 1982).
No respiratory tract irritation data were identified. A new study was not conducted as it is not a REACH Standard Information Requirement.
Effects on eye irritation: highly irritating
Justification for classification or non-classification
No classification for skin irritation is required under EU CLP criteria (EC 1272/2008). However, dipotassium tetrachloroplatinate has a harmonised classification as a skin irritant (category 2) according to Annex VI of the CLP regulation. As such, this classification is adopted here.
Based on the results of the available and reliable eye irritation study, potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II)should be classified for ‘irreversible effects on the eye’ (category 1), according to EU CLP criteria (EC 1272/2008).
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