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EC number: 227-561-6 | CAS number: 5888-33-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- 1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
Alkyl acrylates and alkyl methacrylates (not branched) are known rapidly to be hydrolyzed by carboxylesterases. Carboxylesterases are widely distributed in nature, and are common in mammalian and fish liver. Many participate in phase I metabolism; the resulting carboxylates are then conjugated by other enzymes to increase solubility and eventually excreted.
Ethylhexyl methacrylate will be hydrolyzed into Ethylhexyl alcohol. Isobornyl acrylate will be hydrolyzed into Isoborneol and acrylic acid.
Rapid metabolism of Ethylhexyl methacrylate was observed in the bioaccumulation study in fish (Fraunhofer 2006) where the first step in metabolism is predicted to be ester hydrolysis into Ethylhexyl alcohol (CAS 104-76-7) and Methacrylic acid (CAS 79-41-4 ). 50 % decrease in test concentration were observed during the first 2 hours of exposure.
Rapid metabolism (2-3 minutes) was also observed in an in vitro non GLP study of Isobornyl acrylate in rats where the first step in metabolism is predicted to be ester hydrolysis into Isoborneol (CAS 124-76-5) and Acrylic acid (CAS 79-10-7 ) (see chapter 7.1 . Toxicokinetic, metabolism and distribution)
In contrary to the above mentioned study with EHMA the in vivo study of metabolism in rats with isobornyl acrylate was specially performed to test the rate of metabolism.
Table: LogKow of the primary metabolites of Ethylhexyl methacrylate and Isobornyl acrylate.
Substance CAS-Nr. LogKow [KOWWIN v1.68]
Ethylhexyl alcohol 104-76-7 2.73
Methacrylic acid 79-41-4 0.99
Isoborneol 124-76-5 2.85
Acrylic acid 79-10-7 0.44
Metabolites with log Kow < 4.5 are not predicted to bioaccumulate in organisms.
2. ANALOGUE APPROACH JUSTIFICATION
Due to the common phase I metabolism with carboxylesterases and common substance groups of the first metabolites which are alkyl alcohols and (meth) acrylates the analog approach for the endpoint bioaccumulation is justified and the assessment of bioaccumulation based on the log Kow of the metabolites is plausible. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 305 (Bioconcentration: Flow-through Fish Test)
- Total exposure / uptake duration:
- h
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 37 dimensionless
- Elimination:
- yes
- Parameter:
- DT50
- Depuration time (DT):
- 1.5 h
- Elimination:
- yes
- Parameter:
- other: DT95
- Depuration time (DT):
- 6 h
- Details on kinetic parameters:
- Uptake of 2-EHMA by fish and steady state BCF (BCFss): The steady state is reached at 1.170 mg/kg fish at 0.033 mg/L and 2.758 mg/kg fish at 0.082 mg/L. When calculating the BCFss by dividing the conservative steady state concentrations in fish by the mean concentration measured in water for the same sampling dates, the results are BCFss = 35 at the low treatment concentration BCFss = 34 at the high treatment concentration
Depuration In the depuration phase concentrations in the fish were below LOQ after 16 h. Consequently, only the data for 0, 1 and 4 h were used to calculate the depuration rates. The depuration rates were calculated to be 0.51 and 0.47/h and thus very similar for the low and the high treatment groups, respectively, indicating a depuration half-life of less than 1.5 h and 95 % depuration within approximately 6 hours.
Determination of k1 and BCFk Uptake rates were calculated to be 19.2 and 17.4/h and thus very similar for the low and the high treatment level, respectively. From the kinetic rates the BCFk was calculated to be 37.5 and 37.4 for the low and high treatment group, respectively. - Details on results:
- No adverse effects or mortalities were observed during the study.
During the uptake phase, all concentrations in water and fish were above the LOQ.
After equilibration of the test system, the nominal test concentrations estimated from the non-GLP pre-study of 0.3 and 0.06 mg/L were nearly met. After addition of the fish, the concentration in water in the low treatment group, rapidly decreased to 50% of nominal during the first 2 h of exposure. It remained sufficiently constant at a mean measured concentration of 0.030 mg/L thereafter. In the high treatment, the concentration in water rapidly decreased to 30% of nominal during the first 4 h of exposure. It remained sufficiently constant at a mean measured concentration of 0.082 mg/L thereafter. - Conclusions:
- Based on read across approach of a bioaacumulation study acc. OECD 305 with Ethylhexyl methacrylate Isobornyl acrylate is not expected to bioaccumulate in organisms due to rapid metabolism.
- Executive summary:
No study on bioaccumulation is available with Isobornyl acrylate. The bioaccumulation was assessed based on read across approach with Ethylhexyl methacrylate regarding a common mechanism of ester hydrolyses with carboxylesterases of Isobornyl acrylate and Ethylhexyl methacrylate.
In a valid guideline study according OECD 305 under flow through conditions a BCF of 37 has been found for 2-Ethylhexyl methacrylate, calculated as mean BCFk derived from the two test concentrations. This value is near the range of 34 - 35 calculated for the BCFss. Low BCF is based on rapid metabolism.
Reference
Test item concentrations in water and fish, and ratios between both for the low and high test concentrations
time c_water [mg/L] c_fish [mg/kg] c_fish/
D h low high low high c_water*
0.0 0 0.066 0.378 0 0 0 0
0.04 1 0.049 0.181 1.146 4.607 20 16
0.08 2 0.035° 0.107 1.232° 5.482 29 38
0.17 4 0.028° 0.088 1.072° 3.452 34 35
0.33 8 0.032° 0.081° 1.064° 3.140° 33 39
0.5 12 0.038° 0.081° 1.310° 2.634° 34 33
1.33 32 0.027 0.084° 0.651 2.171° 24 26
2.33 56 0.025 0.082° 0.574 3.085° 23 38
Steady state** 0.033 0.082° 1.170 2.758 35 34
Deviation *** 15% 0% 11% 18%
* For 1 - 4 hours the means of the concentrations of the
actual and last sample were used
** Means were calculated from data marked with "°"
considered to represent steady state conditions.
BCFs were calculated from these steady state concentrations.
*** Deviation was calculated as half of the range of those
data which were regarded as representing the steady
state.
Description of key information
The log Kow value of isobornyl acrylate indicates a bioaccumulation potential.
However, in the context of established metabolic pathways and bioaccumulation data of related compounds, no relevant bioaccumulation potential to aquatic and sediment organisms is expected.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The octanol/water partition coefficient of the of Isobornyl acrylate was measured according HPLC method with log Kow of 4.52. . Log Kow > 4.5, predicts a potential for bioaccumulation. On the contrary, an experimental study (Fraunhofer, 2006) has been carried out on the structural related 2-ethyl hexyl methacrylate (log Kow > 4) to assess the fish bioconcentration of the substance, according to OECD guideline 305. This study demonstrates that a rapid metabolisation occurs, preventing any significant accumulation (BCF = 37). Moreover, for (meth)acrylate esters in general, it was demonstrated that the first metabolic step is hydrolysis to (meth)acrylic acid and the according alcohol catalysed by unspecific carboxyl esterases which are widespread in organs and tissues of metabolic relevance for organisms potentially affected by bioaccumulation.
In conclusion, no relevant bioaccumulation potential to aquatic and sediment organisms is expected for Isobornyl acrylate.
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