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EC number: 222-904-6 | CAS number: 3658-48-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 12 Dec 2017 - 2 Feb 2018
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Physical effects cannot be excluded since daphnids were observed to be at the surface of the test solutions at concentrations relevant for ECx calculation.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 018
- Report date:
- 2018
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 13 April 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Landesanstalt für Umwelt, Messungen und Naturschutz Baden-Württemberg, Karlsruhe, Germany
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphonate
- EC Number:
- 222-904-6
- EC Name:
- Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphonate
- Cas Number:
- 3658-48-8
- Molecular formula:
- C16H35O3P
- IUPAC Name:
- bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphonate
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method: Analytical samples taken at 0 hours (initial value) and 24 hours from fresh and 24 hours and 48 hours from aged test solutions were analysed from control and all test item concentrations. For each sampling also retain samples were taken.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored deep frozen until they were transferred to the analytical laboratory.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: The stock solutions for the three highest nomical concentrations were prepared by directly weighing 10.0, 4.55, and 2.07 mg in 1000 mL test medium respectively. These stock solutions were stirred at room temperature for about 24 h in the dark and in a closed vessel and let settle down for 1 h (based on OECD Series on Testing and Assessment No. 23). After the settling, the necessary volumes for the test were withdrawn via a Teflon tube from the medium level of the stock solution. The two lowest nominal concentrations were prepared by diluting the appropriate solutions to give the required nominal concentrations. The preparation procedure was repeated after 24 hours. Approx. 50 mL of the prepared solutions were transferred to each test vessel.
- Controls: blank control without the test item
- Eluate: no
- Differential loading: yes, except for the twp lowest test concentrations
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): Small oil droplets were observed at the water surface in the stock solutions with the two highest concentrations
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Source: Continuously bred in the laboratory and originally purchased in a healthy condition from the Federal Environment Agency in Berlin/Germany.
- Age: Freshly hatched daphnids less than 24 hours old were used for the test.
- Culture conditions: Daphnia magna was bred as single culture (1 daphnid per 100 mL) in Elendt M4 medium. The pH value of the aerated water was within a range of 6.0 – 9.0. The dissolved oxygen was above 60 % saturation and the total hardness 140 - 250 mg/L (as CaCO3), corresponding to 7.8 - 14°dH. The animals were fed with single cell green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus, formerly Scenedesmus subspicatus) at least three times a week.
Study design
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 12°dH (214 mg/L as CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 19.5 ± 0.3 °C
- pH:
- 7.94 ± 0.08
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.8 ± 0.1
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 10.0, 4.55, 2.07, 0.939, 0.427 mg/L and control
measured: 0.500, 0.364, 0.145, 0.0657, 0.0299 mg/L and < LOD - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass vessel (100 mL), were filled up with ~ 50 mL test solution. The test units were covered with a glass plate.
- Renewal rate of test solution: The test solutions were freshly prepared at 0 and 24 h.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
Elendt M4 standard medium was used as test medium. At test initiation the pH-value of the control (untreated test medium) was 7.81, the dissolved oxygen concentration was 8.9 mg/L and the total hardness was 12°dH (214 mg/L as CaCO3).
- Intervals of water quality measurement: The test temperature and the pH-value as well as the oxygen concentration of the test solutions were measured at all concentrations and the control at t = 0 h fresh and t = 24 h from fresh test solutions and after t = 24 h and t = 48 h from aged test solutions in one separate replicate per concentrations without test organisms.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hours photoperiod/8 hours darkness daily
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Immobility after 24 and 48 h
- Behavioural changes of daphnids were recorded at 24 and 48 hours after starting the test.
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- A range-finding study was conducted but the results are not reported. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.121 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CI: 0.025 - 0.549 mg/L
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.066 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of control: 0%
- Behavioural changes: After 24 and 48 hours some of the mobile daphnids at the nominal test concentrations 0.427 and 0.939 mg/L were found at the surface of the test solution. At the test concentrations 2.07, 4.55, and 10.0 mg/L, all daphnids were found at the surface.
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: Small oil droplets were observed at the water surface in the stock solutions with the two highest test concentrations. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- EC50 (24 h) < 1.00 mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 24 h and 48 h EC50 are the calculated concentrations where 50 % of the daphnids were immobilised after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. The values for EC50 were determined by Probit analysis using max. linear likelihood regression. The evaluation of data was performed by ToxRat Professional 3.2.1. The NOEC was established based on the highest concentration at which the immobilisation is not higher than the allowed control immobilisation (≤ 10 % immobilisation).
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Biological results of the test, 48 h values
|
Nominal concentration [mg/L] |
|||||
|
Control |
0.427 |
0.939 |
2.07 |
4.55 |
10.0 |
|
Immobilised daphnids after 48 h |
|||||
Group 1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
5 |
Group 2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
3 |
5 |
5 |
Group 3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
Group 4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
Σ |
0 |
1 |
1 |
12 |
20 |
20 |
% |
0 |
5 |
5 |
60 |
100 |
100 |
Table 2: Determined concentration of the test substance
Test item |
Sampling |
Test item |
Geometric mean |
Actual concentration |
|
nominal [mg/L] |
[h] |
[mg/L] |
% of nominal |
[%] |
[mg test item/L] |
Control |
0 fresh |
n.d. |
- |
- |
- |
24 aged |
n.d. |
- |
|||
24 fresh |
n.d. |
- |
|||
48 aged |
n.d. |
- |
|||
0.427 |
0 fresh |
0.0569 |
13 |
7 |
0.0299 |
24 aged |
0.0224 |
5 |
|||
24 fresh |
0.0455 |
11 |
|||
48 aged |
0.0166 |
4 |
|||
0.939 |
0 fresh |
0.120 |
13 |
7 |
0.0657 |
24 aged |
0.0413 |
4 |
|||
24 fresh |
0.0907 |
10 |
|||
48 aged |
0.0350 |
4 |
|||
2.07 |
0 fresh |
0.275 |
13 |
7 |
0.145 |
24 aged |
0.099 |
5 |
|||
24 fresh |
0.212 |
10 |
|||
48 aged |
0.0873 |
4 |
|||
4.55 |
0 fresh |
0.594 |
13 |
8 |
0.364 |
24 aged |
0.232 |
5 |
|||
24 fresh |
0.577 |
13 |
|||
48 aged |
0.235 |
5 |
|||
10.0 |
0 fresh |
0.845 |
8 |
5 |
0.500 |
24 aged |
0.394 |
4 |
|||
24 fresh |
0.745 |
7 |
|||
48 aged |
0.320 |
3 |
- = not calculated; n.d. = not detectable; LOQ = 0.0100 mg/L test item
Table 3: Validity criteria
Criterion from the guideline |
Outcome |
Validity criterion fulfilled |
In the control, including the control containing the solubilising agent, not more than 10% of the daphnids should have been immobilized. |
Control: 0% |
yes |
The dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test should be ≥ 3 mg/L in control and test vessels. |
≥ 8.7 mg/L |
yes |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- For further details please refer to “Any other information on results incl. tables”.
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