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EC number: 211-694-1 | CAS number: 687-47-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1991-08-08 to 1995-08-10
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Analytical measurements only for three concentrations and two timepoints available.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - ethyl S(-)lactate,
- Batch no.: EX 355.8,
- Purity: > 97 % - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- At t = 24 h, samples of the freshly prepared test solution of 100,180 and 320 mg/L and the control medium were taken; at t = 48 h samples were taken from the same "spent" test solutions and the "spent" control medium. Samples of 50 mL were taken; samples were taken in 50 mL glass bottles and immediately transported under cool condition to the Analytical Department of the TNO Institute of Biotechnology arid Chemistry in Zeist.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)
- Details on test organisms:
- The organism used was the fresh-water fish species Brachydanio rerio from the commercial hatchery M.B. Ruysbroek B.V. (Noordvliet 159, Maassluis). The average total length and weight (± standard deviation) were 2.1 ± 0.17 cm and 0.07 ± 0.018 g respectively.
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 24.1–24.5 °C
- pH:
- 7.7–8.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 6.0 - 8.6 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 0, 100, 180, 320, 560, 1000 mg/L
Measured concentrations (for 100, 180 and 320 mg/L) after 24 h: 80, 154, 276 mg/L; after 48 h: 50, 120, 222 mg/L.
Average of nominal concentration at t = 24 h: 84%; at t = 48 h: 62 % - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: all-glass beakers
- Material, size, fill volume: glass, 2000 mL, 1500 mL
- Aeration: yes, medium was slightly aerated
- Renewal rate of test solution: replaced daily
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water:
The dilution water used was a synthetic medium (DSWL) was prepared from ground water. This DSWL has proven to be suitable for the culture of Brachydanio rerio. This medium is prepared by addition of several salts to groundwater from a locality near Linschoten (the Netherlands). The groundwater contains several other trace elements (<< 1 mg/L). Media prepared from it have proved to be suitable for growing several species of water organisms. The equilibrium pH of the medium, after aeration, should be 8.3-8.5, but is usually slightly less, namely 8.0-8.2. The medium is prepared in large amounts (10,000 L) and the following components of the batch used for this test were checked by chemical analysis and found to be:
Na+ 1.26 mmol/L; K+ 0.23 mmol/L; Ca2+ 1.41 mmol/L; Mg2+ 0.78 mmol/L; Cl- 2.81 mmol/L; SO42- 0.71 mmol/L
The hardness, expressed as CaCO3, was 220 mg/L. The total organic carbon content was 2.0 mg/L.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 h light/8 h dark regime with transition periods of 30 minutes
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
The dead animals were counted and removed after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h. At the same times the condition (swimming behaviour, colour, respiratory function or any other observable morphological or visual behavioural criterion) of the survivors was visually compared with that of the control animals. At t = 2 h all test vessels were also checked for mortality and the dead animals counted and removed.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.8
- Range finding study: yes (no details available) - Reference substance (positive control):
- not required
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 320 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CI = 305–417 mg/L
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 180 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- - Observations on body length and weight:
no
- Other biological observations: no
- Mortality of control: no
- Other adverse effects control: no
- Abnormal responses: no
- Any observations that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no - Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Table1: Measured concentrations of ethyl S(-) lactate.
Nominal concentration mg/L
Measured concentrations
t = 24 h
t = 48 h
mg/L
% of nominal
mg/L
% of nominal
0
<1
<1
100
80
80
50
50
180
154
86
120
67
320
276
86
222
69
Average % of nominal concentration
84
62
Average % of nominal during total test
73
Table 2: Number of surviving fishes at several concentrations of ethyl S(-) lactate and after several exposure times.
time (h)
Nominal concentration (mg/L)
0
100
180
320
560
1000
0
10
10
10
10
10
10
2
10
10
10
10
0
0
24
10
10
10
8
0
0
48
10
10
10
7
0
0
72
10
10
10
7
0
0
96
10
10
10
7
0
0
Table 3: Number of fishes and their condition at several concentrations of ethyl S(-) lactate and after several exposure times.
time (h)
Nominal concentration (mg/L)
0
100
180
320
560
1000
0
10a)
10a)
10a)
10a)
10a)
10a)
2
10
10
10
10
0
10d)
0
10d)
24
10a)
10b)
10b)
8
8b)
2d)
0
0
48
10a)
10b)
10b)
7
7b)
1d)
0
0
72
10a)
10b)
10b)
7b)
0
0
96
10a)
10b)
10b)
7b)
0
0
The following codes were used to denote condition:
a) Condition of all fisihes, visually assessed, normal (= good).
b) Condition of all fisihes, visualiy assessed, equal to that of the control fishes.
c) Number of slow swimming fishes.
d) Number of dead fishes.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In a short-term toxicity test with Brachydanio rerio the LC50 value of 320 mg/L was measured.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of ethyl (S)-lactate to the fresh-water fish species Brachydanio rerio was determined as described in the OECD guideline no. 203 and according to the OECD principles of Good Laboratory Practice. The test was carried out as a semi-static test with daily replacement of the test solutions and with 10 fishes for each concentration. The exposure duration was 96 hours. The nominal concentrations tested were 100, 180, 320, 560 and 1000 mg/L. The test substance appeared to be completely dissolved at all concentrations tested (visually assessed). The actual concentrations of ethyl (S)-lactate in the freshly prepared test solutions were determined with gas chromatography (direct injection), they were between 80 and 86 % of the nominal concentrations (average 84 %). To test the stability of the test substance, the concentrations of ethyl (S)-lactate were also analysed for 3 concentrations at the end of the test and appeared to be between 50 and 69 % (average 62 %).
The results of the test were (in nominal concentrations): 96-h LC50 (mortality) = 320 mg/L; 96-h LC100 (mortality) = 560 mg/L; 96-h NOEC (mortality) = 180 mg/L
Reference
Description of key information
A short-term toxicity test with zebra fish (Danio rerio) resulted in a LC50 of 320 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect concentration:
- ca. 320 mg/L
Additional information
No adverse effects have been observed at the highest recommended concentration (100 mg/L). Accordingly, the substance is not hazardous in terms of the CLP Regulation.
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