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EC number: 210-578-8 | CAS number: 619-08-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Acute oral toxicity:
Acute oral toxicity dose (LD50) was predicted based on OECD QSAR toolbox 1351 mg/kg bw, experimental study done by Deichmannet al(Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals, P. 169, 1969), Richard J. Lewis, Sr.(Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 12th Edition, 2012) and National Technical Reports Library (1992), 900 mg/kg bw and different studies available on structurally similar read across substance 3,5-Dichloronitrobenzene (618-62-2) 390 mg/kg bw and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (99-54-7)953 mg/kg bw. All these studies concluded that the LD50 value is between 300 - 2000 mg/kg bw. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol can be classified as category IV of acute oral toxicity.
Acute Dermal toxicity:
Acute Dermal toxicity dose (LD50) was predicted based on OECD QSAR toolbox 1731 mg/kg bw, experimental study done by National Technical Reports Library (1992)Range of 1500 – 2000 mg/kg bw,and differentstudies available on structurally similar read across substance 4-nitrophenol (100-02-7) 1024 mg/kg bw and 1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene (121-73-3) 890 mg/kg bw. All these studies concluded that the LD50 value isbetween 300 - 2000 mg/kg bw. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation, 2-ethoxynaphthalene-1-carbonyl chloride can be classified as category IV of acute dermal toxicity.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is predicted using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 and the supporting QMRF report has been attached
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: estimated
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Prediction is done using QSAR Toolbox version 3.3
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- other: not specified
- Limit test:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - IUPAC Name: 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol
- Common Name: Nitrofungin
- Mol. formula: C6H4ClNO3
- Molecular Weight: 173.555 g/mol
- Smiles: c1(cc(c(O)cc1)Cl)[N+](=O)[O-]
- InChI: 1S/C6H4ClNO3/c7-5-3-4(8(10)11)1-2-6(5)9/h1-3,9H - Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- not specified
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on oral exposure:
- not specified
- Doses:
- 1351 mg/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- not specified
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- not specified
- Statistics:
- not specified
- Preliminary study:
- not specified
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 1 351 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: 50% mortality were observed
- Mortality:
- not specified
- Clinical signs:
- other: not specified
- Gross pathology:
- not specified
- Other findings:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 4 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- LD50 was estimated to be 1351 mg/kg bw, when Wistar male and female rats were treated with 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol by oral gavage route.
- Executive summary:
In a prediction done by SSS (2017) using the OECD QSAR toolbox with log kow as the primary descriptor, the acute oral toxicity was estimated for 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (619 -08 -9). The LD50 was estimated to be 1351 mg/kg bw, when Wistar male and female rats were treated with 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol by oral gavage route.
Reference
The
prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following
descriptors: LD50
Estimation method: Takes average value from the 6 nearest neighbours
Domain logical expression:Result: In Domain
((((("a"
or "b" or "c" or "d" or "e" or "f" )
and ("g"
and (
not "h")
)
)
and ("i"
and (
not "j")
)
)
and ("k"
and (
not "l")
)
)
and ("m"
and "n" )
)
Domain
logical expression index: "a"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Phenols (Acute toxicity) by
US-EPA New Chemical Categories
Domain
logical expression index: "b"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Radical AND Radical >> Radical
mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) AND Radical >> Radical mechanism
via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups AND
Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >>
Nitrophenols, Nitrophenyl Ethers and Nitrobenzoic Acids AND SN1 AND SN1
>> Nucleophilic attack after diazonium or carbenium ion formation AND
SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after diazonium or carbenium ion formation >>
Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack
after reduction and nitrenium ion formation AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic
attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitroarenes with
Other Active Groups AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and
nitrenium ion formation >> Nitrophenols, Nitrophenyl Ethers and
Nitrobenzoic Acids AND SN2 AND SN2 >> SN2 attack on activated carbon
Csp3 or Csp2 AND SN2 >> SN2 attack on activated carbon Csp3 or Csp2 >>
Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3
Domain
logical expression index: "c"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as SN1 AND SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion
formation AND SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic nitro by DNA
binding by OECD
Domain
logical expression index: "d"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Moderate binder, OH grooup by
Estrogen Receptor Binding
Domain
logical expression index: "e"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Phenols and Anilines by Acute
aquatic toxicity MOA by OASIS
Domain
logical expression index: "f"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Phenols by Aquatic toxicity
classification by ECOSAR
Domain
logical expression index: "g"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as SN1 AND SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion
formation AND SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic nitro by DNA
binding by OECD
Domain
logical expression index: "h"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> P450
Mediated Activation to Isocyanates or Isothiocyanates OR Acylation >>
P450 Mediated Activation to Isocyanates or Isothiocyanates >>
Benzylamines-Acylation OR Michael addition OR Michael addition >> P450
Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals OR Michael
addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type
Chemicals >> Alkyl phenols OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated
Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Arenes OR Michael
addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type
Chemicals >> Hydroquinones OR Michael addition >> Polarised
Alkenes-Michael addition OR Michael addition >> Polarised
Alkenes-Michael addition >> Alpha, beta- unsaturated esters OR No alert
found OR SN1 >> Carbenium Ion Formation OR SN1 >> Carbenium Ion
Formation >> Allyl benzenes OR SN1 >> Carbenium Ion Formation >>
Diazoalkanes OR SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation OR SN1 >> Iminium Ion
Formation >> Aliphatic tertiary amines OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation
>> Aromatic azo OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Primary aromatic
amine OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Secondary aromatic amine OR
SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Tertiary aromatic amine OR SN1 >>
Nitrenium Ion formation >> Unsaturated heterocyclic azo OR SN2 OR SN2 >>
Direct Acting Epoxides and related OR SN2 >> Direct Acting Epoxides and
related >> Epoxides OR SN2 >> SN2 at an sp3 Carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 at
an sp3 Carbon atom >> Aliphatic halides by DNA binding by OECD
Domain
logical expression index: "i"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Radical AND Radical >> Radical
mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) AND Radical >> Radical mechanism
via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups AND
Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >>
Nitrophenols, Nitrophenyl Ethers and Nitrobenzoic Acids AND SN1 AND SN1
>> Nucleophilic attack after diazonium or carbenium ion formation AND
SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after diazonium or carbenium ion formation >>
Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack
after reduction and nitrenium ion formation AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic
attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitroarenes with
Other Active Groups AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and
nitrenium ion formation >> Nitrophenols, Nitrophenyl Ethers and
Nitrobenzoic Acids AND SN2 AND SN2 >> SN2 attack on activated carbon
Csp3 or Csp2 AND SN2 >> SN2 attack on activated carbon Csp3 or Csp2 >>
Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3
Domain
logical expression index: "j"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as No alert found OR Non-covalent
interaction OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation OR
Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> DNA Intercalators with
Carboxamide Side Chain OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation
>> Fused-Ring Nitroaromatics OR Radical >> Radical mechanism by ROS
formation OR Radical >> Radical mechanism by ROS formation >>
Polynitroarenes OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation
(indirect) >> Fused-Ring Nitroaromatics OR Radical >> Radical mechanism
via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitro Azoarenes OR Radical >> Radical
mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitroaniline Derivatives OR
Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >>
p-Substituted Mononitrobenzenes OR SN1 >> Carbenium ion formation OR SN1
>> Carbenium ion formation >> Alpha-Haloethers OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic
attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Fused-Ring
Nitroaromatics OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and
nitrenium ion formation >> Nitro Azoarenes OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack
after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitroaniline Derivatives
OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion
formation >> Nitrobiphenyls and Bridged Nitrobiphenyls OR SN1 >>
Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >>
Polynitroarenes OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and
nitrenium ion formation >> p-Substituted Mononitrobenzenes OR SN2 >> SN2
at sp3-carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 at sp3-carbon atom >> Alpha-Haloethers
by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3
Domain
logical expression index: "k"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Aromatic Amine Type Compounds
AND Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Compounds AND Phenol Type
Compounds by Oncologic Primary Classification
Domain
logical expression index: "l"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Halogenated Nitroaromatic Type
Compounds by Oncologic Primary Classification
Domain
logical expression index: "m"
Parametric
boundary:The
target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= 1.53
Domain
logical expression index: "n"
Parametric
boundary:The
target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= 3.1
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 1 351 mg/kg bw
- Quality of whole database:
- Data is Klimicsh 2 and QSAR toolbox 3.3
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a (Q)SAR model, with limited documentation / justification, but validity of model and reliability of prediction considered adequate based on a generally acknowledged source
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is predicted using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 and the supporting QMRF report has been attached
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: estimated
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Prediction is done using QSAR Toolbox version 3.3
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- other: not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - IUPAC Name: 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol
- Common Name: Nitrofungin
- Mol. formula: C6H4ClNO3
- Molecular Weight: 173.555 g/mol
- Smiles: c1(cc(c(O)cc1)Cl)[N+](=O)[O-]
- InChI: 1S/C6H4ClNO3/c7-5-3-4(8(10)11)1-2-6(5)9/h1-3,9H - Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- not specified
- Type of coverage:
- other: Dermal
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on dermal exposure:
- not specified
- Duration of exposure:
- not specified
- Doses:
- 1731 mg/kg
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- not specified
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- not specified
- Statistics:
- not specified
- Preliminary study:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 1 731 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: 50% mortality was observed
- Mortality:
- not specified
- Clinical signs:
- other: not specified
- Gross pathology:
- not specified
- Other findings:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 4 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- LD50 was estimated to be 1731 mg/kg bw when rabbits were treated with 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol by dermal application.
- Executive summary:
In a prediction done by SSS (2017) using the OECD QSAR toolbox with log kow as the primary descriptor, the acute dermal toxicity was estimated for 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (619 -08 -9). The LD50 was estimated to be 1731 mg/kg bw when rabbits were treated with 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol by dermal application.
Reference
The
prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following
descriptors: LD50
Estimation method: Takes average value from the 8 nearest neighbours
Domain logical expression:Result: In Domain
(((((("a"
or "b" or "c" or "d" or "e" or "f" )
and ("g"
and (
not "h")
)
)
and "i" )
and ("j"
and (
not "k")
)
)
and "l" )
and ("m"
and "n" )
)
Domain
logical expression index: "a"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Phenols (Acute toxicity) by
US-EPA New Chemical Categories
Domain
logical expression index: "b"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Radical AND Radical >> Radical
mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) AND Radical >> Radical mechanism
via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups AND
Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >>
Nitrophenols, Nitrophenyl Ethers and Nitrobenzoic Acids AND SN1 AND SN1
>> Nucleophilic attack after diazonium or carbenium ion formation AND
SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after diazonium or carbenium ion formation >>
Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack
after reduction and nitrenium ion formation AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic
attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitroarenes with
Other Active Groups AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and
nitrenium ion formation >> Nitrophenols, Nitrophenyl Ethers and
Nitrobenzoic Acids AND SN2 AND SN2 >> SN2 attack on activated carbon
Csp3 or Csp2 AND SN2 >> SN2 attack on activated carbon Csp3 or Csp2 >>
Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3
Domain
logical expression index: "c"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as SN1 AND SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion
formation AND SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic nitro by DNA
binding by OECD
Domain
logical expression index: "d"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Moderate binder, OH grooup by
Estrogen Receptor Binding
Domain
logical expression index: "e"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Phenols and Anilines by Acute
aquatic toxicity MOA by OASIS
Domain
logical expression index: "f"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Phenols by Aquatic toxicity
classification by ECOSAR
Domain
logical expression index: "g"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as No alert found by Protein
binding by OECD
Domain
logical expression index: "h"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> Direct
Acylation Involving a Leaving group OR Acylation >> Direct Acylation
Involving a Leaving group >> Acetates OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Epoxides and
Related Chemicals OR SN2 >> Epoxides and Related Chemicals >> Epoxides
OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3
carbon atom >> Alkyl halides OR SNAr OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic aromatic
substitution OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic aromatic substitution >> Activated
halo-benzenes by Protein binding by OECD
Domain
logical expression index: "i"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as High (Class III) by Toxic hazard
classification by Cramer (original) ONLY
Domain
logical expression index: "j"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Phenols by Skin
irritation/corrosion Inclusion rules by BfR
Domain
logical expression index: "k"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Aromatic amines OR Inclusion
rules not met OR Ketones by Skin irritation/corrosion Inclusion rules by
BfR
Domain
logical expression index: "l"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Bioavailable by Lipinski Rule
Oasis ONLY
Domain
logical expression index: "m"
Parametric
boundary:The
target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= -0.555
Domain
logical expression index: "n"
Parametric
boundary:The
target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= 4.67
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 1 731 mg/kg bw
- Quality of whole database:
- Data is Klimicsh 2 and QSAR toolbox 3.3
Additional information
Acute oral toxicity:
In different studies, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (CAS no: 619-08-9) has been investigated for acute oral toxicity to a greater or lesser extent. Often are the studies based on in vivo experiments in rodents, i.e. most commonly in rats for 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol along with the study available on structurally similar read across substance 3,5-Dichloronitrobenzene (618-62-2) and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (99-54-7). The predicted data using the OECD QSAR toolbox has also been compared with the experimental studies. The studies are summarized as below –
In a prediction done by SSS (2017) using the OECD QSAR toolbox with log kow as the primary descriptor, the acute oral toxicity was estimated for 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (619 -08 -9). The LD50 was estimated to be 1351 mg/kg bw, when Wistar male and female rats were treated with 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol by oral gavage route.
In the experimental study done by Deichmannet al(Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals, P. 169, 1969), Richard J. Lewis, Sr.(Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 12th Edition, 2012) and National Technical Reports Library (1992), the acute oral toxicity of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol was tested in 23 Sprague dawley Male and Female rats by administering the test substance through stomach tube. The dose concentrations used were 700, 800, 900 and 1000 mg/kg in 50% suspension in corn oil (Vehicle). Rats were observed for clinical signs, body weight, organ weights, and histopathology, examinations. Mortality was observed in 700 mg/kg (2/5), 800 mg/kg (2/5), 900 mg/kg (4/8) and 1000 mg/kg (5/5). Excessive salivation and moderate diarrhoea was observed in animals those are survived overnight period after dosing. Liver damage was observed by macroscopic examination. Thus, LD50 was placed at 900 mg/kg bw, when Sprague dawley rats were treated with 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (619-08-9) orally.
The above study supported by EUROPEAN COMMISSION – European Chemicals Bureau (IUCLID Dataset, 2000), for the structurally similar read across substance3,5-Dichloronitrobenzene (618-62-2) in rats. The acute oral toxicity was tested in 24 Sprague dawley Male and Female rats. The dose concentrations used were 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg in 50% suspension in peanut oil (Vehicle). Rats were observed for clinical signs. Mortality occurred during the first 2 days of observation. At 250 mg/kg – 2 animals were died out of 8. At 500 mg/kg – 5 animals were died out of 8 and at 1000 mg/kg – All animals were died. Signs of dyspnea were observed. Sedation effect was observed. Therefore, LD50 was considered to be 390 mg/kg bw, when Sprague dawley rats were treated with 3,5-Dichloronitrobenzene (618-62-2) orally.
This is further supported by ChemIDplus (2017) and National Technical Reports Library (1991), for the structurally similar read across substance1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (99-54-7) in rats. The acute oral toxicity was tested in 50 Male ChR-CD rats at the dose concentration of 800, 1300, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mg/kg bw.The test material dissolved as a suspension in corn oil (Vehicle) 30% in 1300, 1500, 1800 and 2000 mg/kg and 15% 800 mg/kg. The dose was administered via Intragastric Intubation route.Animals were observed for clinical signs and body weight for 14 days. D. J. Firney method was used to calculate LD50. After 14 days of observation mortality was observed as - At 800 mg/kg –3 animals were died out of 10, At 1300 mg/kg –9 animals were died out of 10, At 1500 mg/kg –8 animals were died out of 10, At 1800 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg –All animals were died. Clinical signs such as, Prostration, pallor, weakness, rapid breathing and cyanosis was observed in animals. The detail signs are mentioned in table. Weight loss was observed. Therefore, LD50 was considered to be 953 mg/kg bw with 95% confidential limit 693-1124 mg/kg bw, when Male ChR-CD rats were treated with 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene orally.
Thus, based on the above studies on 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (CAS no: 619-08-9) and it’s read across substances, it can be concluded that LD50 value is between 300 - 2000 mg/kg bw. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol can be classified as category IV of acute oral toxicity.
Acute Dermal toxicity:
In different studies, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (CAS no: 619-08-9) has been investigated for acute dermal toxicity to a greater or lesser extent. Often are the studies based on in vivo experiments in rodents, i.e. most commonly in rabbits and rats for 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol along with the study available on structurally similar read across substance 4-nitrophenol (100-02-7) and 1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene (121-73-3). The predicted data using the OECD QSAR toolbox has also been compared with the experimental studies. The studies are summarized as below –
In a prediction done by SSS (2017) using the OECD QSAR toolbox with log kow as the primary descriptor, the acute dermal toxicity was estimated for 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (619 -08 -9). The LD50 was estimated to be 1731 mg/kg bw when rabbits were treated with 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol by dermal application.
In the experimental study done by National Technical Reports Library (1992), the acute dermal toxicity of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol was tested in 7 New Zealand White Male and Female rabbits by applying the test substance to the closely clipped, intact skin of rabbits and the treated areas covered with plastic shield to prevent loss of the sample. The dose concentrations used were 750, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2250, 3000 and 4000 mg/kg in 50% suspension in corn oil (Vehicle). Rabbits were observed for clinical signs, body weight, organ weights, and histopathology, examinations. 50% mortality was observed in treated rabbits. During the observation animals were survived from 6 hours to overnight period. Animals were experienced lethargy after few hours of dosing. The survivors were inactive and had a poor appetite. Body weight was noted in Table for all the animals. At autopsy, visceral changes observed macroscopically were confined to tissue discoloration underneath the area of treatment. Therefore, LD50 was considered in the Range of 1500 – 2000 mg/kg bw, when New Zealand White rabbits were treated occlusively with 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (619-08-9) by dermal application.
This is further supported by EUROPEAN COMMISSION – European Chemicals Bureau (IUCLID Dataset, 2000), for the structurally similar read across substance 4-nitrophenol (100-02-7), the acute dermal toxicity was tested in Female rats at the concentration of 1024 mg/kg. 50% mortality was observed. Therefore, LD50 was considered to be 1024 mg/kg bw, when Female rats were treated with 4-nitrophenol (100-02-7) by dermal application.
The above study supported by EUROPEAN COMMISSION – European Chemicals Bureau (IUCLID Dataset, 2000), for the structurally similar read across substance 1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene (121-73-3), the acute dermal toxicity was tested in male rats at the concentration of 890 mg/kg. 50% mortality was observed. Therefore, LD50 was considered to be 890 mg/kg bw, when Male rats were treated with 1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene (121-73-3) by dermal application.
Thus, based on the above studies on 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (CAS no: 619-08-9) and it’s read across substances, it can be concluded that LD50 value is between 300 - 2000 mg/kg bw. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol can be classified as category IV of acute dermal toxicity.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the above studies and prediction on 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (CAS no: 619-08-9) and it’s read across substances, it can be concluded that LD50 value is between 300 - 2000 mg/kg bw. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol can be classified as category IV for acute oral and dermal toxicity.
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