(3AS,4S,6AR)-4-METHOXYTETRAHYDROFURO[3,4- B]FURAN-2(3H)-ONE

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

From 2005-10-14 to 2005-11-02

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2006

Report date:

2006

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Commission Directive 2000/32/EC, L1362000, Annex 4D (dated May 19, 2000)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

-

EC Number:

443-930-6

EC Name:

-

Cas Number:

866594-60-7

Molecular formula:

C7H10O4

IUPAC Name:

(3AS,4S,6AR)-4-METHOXYTETRAHYDROFURO[3,4- B]FURAN-2(3H)-ONE

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): TIC2782 (T002907)
- Substance type: white solid
- Physical state: solid
- Analytical purity: 99.9%
- Lot/batch No.: 00467090 (= charge 05C0836)
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 4 May 2006
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature
- Stability in solvent: not indicated by the sponsor

Method

Target gene:

The histidine dependant strains are derived from S. typhimurium strain LT2 through a mutation in the histidine locus. Strain WP2 and its derivatives all carry the same defect in one of the genes for tryptophan biosynthesis.

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Phenobarbital/β-Naphthoflavone induced rat liver S9

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

The concentration range included two logarithmic decades. The following concentrations were tested:
Pre-experiment and Experiment I: 3; 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 μg/plate
Experiment II: 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 μg/plate

Vehicle / solvent:

Solvent: Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)
Justification for choice of solvent: the solvent was chosen because of its solubility properties and its relative non-toxicity to the bacteria.

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: sodium azide 10 μg/plate in TA 1535 and TA 100

Remarks:

without metabolic activation

Controls 2

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 4-nitro-o-phenylene-diamine, 4-NOPD 10 μg/plate in TA 98, 50 μg/plate in TA 1537

Remarks:

without metabolic activation

Controls 3

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: methyl methane sulfonate, MMS, 4µL/plate in WP2 uvrA

Remarks:

without metabolic activation

Controls 4

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-aminoanthracene, 2-AA, 2.5 μg/plate (TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100), 10 μg/plate (WP2 uvrA)

Remarks:

with metabolic activation

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION:
Experiment I: plate incorporation assay
Experiment II: pre-incubation assay

Experimental performance:
The following materials were mixed in a test tube and poured onto the selective agar plates:
100 μL: Test solution at each dose level, solvent (negative control) or reference mutagen solution (positive control),
500 μL: S9 mix (for test with metabolic activation) or S9 mix substitution buffer (for test without metabolic activation),
100 μL: Bacteria suspension (cf. test system, pre-culture of the strains),
2000 μL: Overlay agar

In the pre-incubation assay 100 μL test solution, 500 μL S9 mix / S9 mix substitution buffer and 100 μL bacterial suspension were mixed in a test tube and shaken at 37° C for 60 minutes. After pre-incubation 2.0 mL overlay agar (45° C) was added to each tube. The mixture was poured on selective agar plates.
After solidification the plates were incubated upside down for at least 48 hours at 37° C in the dark.

DURATION:
- Preincubation period: 60 minutes (experiment II)
- Exposure duration: at least 48 hours
- Selection time: 48h (simultaneous with exposure)

SELECTION AGENT: tryptophan (E. coli) and histidine (S. typhimurium)

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: Each concentration, including controls, was tested in triplicates.

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: Toxicity of the test item results in a reduction in the number of spontaneous revertants or a clearing of the bacterial background lawn.

Evaluation criteria:

A test item is considered as a mutagen if a biologically relevant increase in the number of revertants exceeding the threshold of twice (strains TA 98, TA 100, and WP2 uvrA) or thrice (strains TA 1535 and TA 1537) the colony count of the corresponding solvent control is observed.
A dose dependent increase is considered biologically relevant if the threshold is exceeded at more than one concentration.
An increase exceeding the threshold at only one concentration is judged as biologically relevant if reproduced in an independent second experiment.
A dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies below the threshold is regarded as an indication of a mutagenic potential if reproduced in an independent second experiment. However, whenever the colony counts remain within the historical range of negative and solvent controls such an increase is not considered biologically relevant.

Statistics:

No statistical evaluation of the data was required according to the guideline

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

No substantial increase in revertant colony numbers of any of the five tester strains was observed following treatment with T002907at any dose level, neither in the presence nor absence of metabolic activation (S9 mix). There was also no tendency of higher mutation rates with increasing concentrations in the range below the generally acknowledged border of biological relevance.TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation: No precipitation of the test item occurred up to the highest investigated dose.

RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: To evaluate the toxicity of the test item a pre-experiment was performed with strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, and WP2 uvrA. Eight concentrations were tested for toxicity and mutation induction with three plates each. The experimental conditions in this pre-experiment were the same as described below for the experiment I (plate incorporation test).
Toxicity of the test item results in a reduction in the number of spontaneous revertants or a
clearing of the bacterial background lawn.
The pre-experiment was reported as main experiment I since the following criteria was met: evaluable plates (>0 colonies) at five concentrations or more in all strains used.

HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA (with ranges, means and standard deviation and confidence interval (e.g. 95%)
The laboratory´s historical control range was exceeded with metabolic activation in the untreated control of strain WP2 uvrA in experiment I, and in the untreated control of strain TA 100 without metabolic actvation in experiment II. These minor deviations are judged to be based on biological fluctuations in the number of colonies and have no impact on the outcome of the study.
Appropriate reference mutagens were used as positive controls. They showed a distinct increase of induced revertant colonies.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
No toxic effects, evident as a reduction in the number of revertants, occurred in the test groups with and without metabolic activation.

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results:
negative with metabolic activation
negative without metabolic activation

In conclusion, it can be stated that during the described mutagenicity test and under the experimental conditions reported, the test item did not induce gene mutations by base pair changes or frameshifts in the genome of the strains used.