Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate

Eye irritation

Administrative data

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2017-01-17 to 2017-04-24

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Justification for type of information:

A Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Assay (OECD Guideline number 437) with propyl gallate was performed (Eurofins Munich / BSL Munich Project No. 167610). Based on the results of this test further in vivo testing for assessing acute eye irritation/corrosion is necessary.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2017

Report date:

2017

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)

Version / remarks:

2 October 2012

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate

EC Number:

204-498-2

EC Name:

Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate

Cas Number:

121-79-9

Molecular formula:

C10H12O5

IUPAC Name:

propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Details on test material:

- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: 201601004
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 01.01.2019
- Purity: 99.93 %
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature

Test animals / tissue source

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Deutschland, 97633, Sulzfeld, Germany
- Age at study initiation: approximately 39 weeks old
- Weight at study initiation: >2 kg
- Housing: ABS-plastic or Noryl rabbit cages, floor 4200 cm2, in an air-conditioned room
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): free access to autoclaved hay and to Altromin 2123 maintenance diet for rabbits, rich in crude fibre
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): free access to tap water (drinking water, municipal residue control, microbiological controls at regular intervals)
- Acclimation period: adequate acclimatisation period (at least 5 days) under laboratory conditions

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 18 ± 3 °C
- Humidity (%): 55 ± 10%
- Air changes (per hr): at least 10 x / hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): Artificial light, sequence being 12 hours light, 12 hours dark

Test system

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

yes

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.1 g of test item was applied to the test site

Duration of treatment / exposure:

single treatment, 1h

Observation period (in vivo):

72 hours

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

1 rabbit

Details on study design:

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): The treated eye was rinsed with physiological saline 0.9% NaCl 1 hour after the application.
- Time after start of exposure: 1 h

SCORING SYSTEM: Grading System for Ocular Lesion (for details see Table 1 in "Any other information on material and methods")

TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: fluorescein

Results and discussion

In vivo

Results

Results 1

Irritation parameter:

conjunctivae score

Basis:

animal #1

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

1

Max. score:

3

Reversibility:

not reversible

Remarks:

within 72 hours

Results 2

Irritation parameter:

chemosis score

Basis:

animal #1

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

2

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

not reversible

Remarks:

within 72 hours

Results 3

Irritation parameter:

iris score

Basis:

animal #1

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

2

Max. score:

2

Reversibility:

not reversible

Remarks:

within 72 hours

Results 4

Irritation parameter:

cornea opacity score

Basis:

animal #1

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

2

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

not reversible

Remarks:

within 72 hours

Irritant / corrosive response data:

After the application into the eye of one male NZW rabbit the test item produced severe irritant occular effects (see Table 2 and Table 3 in "Any other information on results"). Local effects at the treated eye and clinical signs were observed (see Table 3). The inclined position of the head 72 hours after application is considered to be related to the local effects observed at the treated eye and not due to systemic effects of the test item. Before fluorescein examination at the end of the observation period of 72 hours the animal was euthanised for animal welfare reasons. Conjunctival redness, chemosis, hypersecretion, corneal effects and iris lesion were observed and described in Table 2.

Other effects:

- Lesions and clinical observations: after 1 hour slight hypersecretion, after 24 hours moderate hypersecretion, after 48 and 72 hours severe hypersecretion

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 2: Eye Irritation Scores - Animal No. 1

Observation	Eye Irritation Scores Post-Application After
	1(1h)		2(24h)		3(48h)		4(72h)
	T	C	T	C	T	C	T	C	Average Score (24, 48 and 72 hours)
Redness	0	0	1#	0	1	0	1	0	1.00
Chemosis	2	0	2	0	2	0	2	0	2.00
Iris	n.a.*	0	2**	0	2**	0	2	0	2.00
cornea	3	0	2	0	2	0	2	0	2.00

t= test item; c= control; #= upper rim of conjunctiva and nicticating membrane discoloured white; *=due to complete opacity of the cornea the iris was not visible and thus could not be evaluated; **= no reaction to light

Table 3: Clinical Signs - Animal No. 1 

Time Post-Application	Local Findings / Comments		Systemic Findings
	Test Item	Control	Test Item
1 h	slight hypersecretion	nsf	nsf
24 h	moderate hypersecretion	nsf	nsf
48 h	severe hypersecretion	nsf	nsf
72 h	severe hypersecretion	nsf	head inclined §

nsf= no specific findings; h= hour(s); §= euthanised for ethical reasons

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria

Conclusions:

In an in vivo acute eye irritation/corrosion study in one rabbit accroding to OECD 405, Propyl gallate produced severely irritant effects, which are not expected to reverse.

Executive summary:

In a primary eye irritation study according to OECD 405, 0.1 g of propyl gallate (99.93 % purity) was applied into the conjunctival sac of one eye of 1 male, 39 weeks old, New Zealand White rabbit. The test substance remained in the eye for 1 hour and was rinsed afterwards with physiological saline (0.9 % NaCl). The animal then was observed for 72 hours. Irritation was scored by the method of Draize after 1, 24, 48 and 72 h.

Under the conditions of the present study, a single ocular application of the test item Propyl gallate to one rabbit at a dose of 0.1 g produced severely irritant effects including conjunctival redness, chemosis, hypersecretion, corneal effects and iris lesion (iridial response grade 2 for 72 hours), which are not expected to reverse.

In this study, propyl gallate is a severe eye irritant based on CLP criteria.