(Z)-4-[C11-13 (branched) alkylamino]-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP compliant guideline study, available as unpublished report, no restrictions, fully adequate for assessment

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2012

Report date:

2012

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Test guideline 3

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

(Z)-4-[C11-13 (branched) alkylamino]-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid

EC Number:

701-116-0

Cas Number:

2156592-45-7

Molecular formula:

C17H31NO3

IUPAC Name:

(Z)-4-[C11-13 (branched) alkylamino]-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid

Method

Target gene:

- Salmonella typhimurium: histidine
- Escherichia coli: tryptophan

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

phenobarbital/ß-naphthoflavone induced rat liver S9 mix

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

0; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500 and 5000 µg/plate (standard plate test)
0; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500 and 5000 μg/plate (preincubation test with E. coli)
0; 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000 and 2500 μg/plate (preincubation test with Salmonella strains)
0; 0.33; 1; 3.3; 10; 33 and 100 μg/plate (second preincubation test with Salmonella strains)

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: Due to the limited solubility of the test substance in water, DMSO was used as vehicle, which had been demonstrated to be suitable in bacterial reverse mutation tests and for which historical control data are available

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-aminoanthracene

Remarks:

With S9 mix for all strains

Controls 2

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine

Remarks:

Without S9 mix for strains TA 1535 and TA 100

Controls 3

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine

Remarks:

Without S9 mix for strain TA 98

Controls 4

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

9-aminoacridine

Remarks:

Without S9 mix for strain TA 1537

Controls 5

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide

Remarks:

Without S9 mix for strain E. coli WP2 uvrA

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation); preincubation

DURATION
Standard plate test
- Exposure duration: 48 - 72 hours at 37°C in the dark
Preincubation test
- Preincubation period: 20 minutes at 37°C
- Exposure duration: 48 - 72 hours at 37°C in the dark

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3 test plates per dose or per control

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: number of revertants, background lawn, determination of titer

Evaluation criteria:

The experiment is considered valid if the following criteria are met:
- The number of revertant colonies in the negative controls was within the range of the historical negative control data for each tester strain.
- The sterility controls revealed no indication of bacterial contamination.
- The positive control substances both with and without S9 mix induced a distinct increase in the number of revertant colonies within the range of the historical positive control data or above.
- Fresh bacterial culture containing approximately 10^9 cells per mL were used. For approval the titer of viable bacteria was ≥ 10^8 colonies per mL.

The test substance is considered positive in this assay if the following criteria are met:
- A dose-related and reproducible increase in the number of revertant colonies, i.e. about doubling of the spontaneous mutation rate in at least one tester strain either without S9 mix or after adding a metabolizing system.

A test substance is generally considered non-mutagenic in this test if:
- The number of revertants for all tester strains were within the historical negative control range under all experimental conditions in at least two experiments carried out independently of each other.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

in standard plate test, from 1000 µg/plate in all Salmonella strains; in preincubation assay, from 33 µg/plate in Salmonella strains and from 1000 µg/plate in E. coli

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1537

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

in standard plate test, from 1000 µg/plate in all Salmonella strains; in preincubation assay, from 33 µg/plate in Salmonella strains and from 1000 µg/plate in E. coli

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 3

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

in standard plate test, from 1000 µg/plate in all Salmonella strains; in preincubation assay, from 33 µg/plate in Salmonella strains and from 1000 µg/plate in E. coli

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 4

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

in standard plate test, from 1000 µg/plate in all Salmonella strains; in preincubation assay, from 33 µg/plate in Salmonella strains and from 1000 µg/plate in E. coli

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 5

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

in standard plate test, from 1000 µg/plate in all Salmonella strains; in preincubation assay, from 33 µg/plate in Salmonella strains and from 1000 µg/plate in E. coli

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TOXICITY
A bacteriotoxic effect (reduced his- background growth, decrease in the number of his+ or trp+ revertants, reduction in the titer) was observed in the standard plate test depending on the strain and test conditions from about 1000 μg/plate onward.
In the preincubation assay strong bacteriotoxicity (reduced his- or trp- background growth, decrease in the number of his+ or trp+ revertants, reduction in the titer) was observed from about 33 μg/plate onward using the Salmonella strains, and from about 1000 μg/plate onward with E. coli WP2uvrA.

SOLUBILITY
No test substance precipitation was found with and without S9 mix.

DISCUSSION
According to the results of the present study, the test substance did not lead to a relevant increase in the number of revertant colonies either without S9 mix or after adding a metabolizing system in three experiments carried out independently of each other (standard plate test and preincubation assay). Besides, the results of the negative as well as the positive controls performed in parallel corroborated the validity of this study, since the values fulfilled the acceptance criteria of this study. In this study with and without S9 mix, the number of revertant colonies in the negative controls was within the range of the historical negative control data for each tester strain. In addition, the positive control substances both with and without S9 mix induced a significant increase in the number of revertant colonies within the range of the historical positive control data or above.

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.