Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide

Toxicity to reproduction

Administrative data

Endpoint:

screening for reproductive / developmental toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Justification for type of information:

Data from secondary source

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

other: authoritative database

Title:

Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test for the given test chemical

Author:

"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "Ministry of the Environment" and "National Institute of Technology and Evaluation"

Year:

2010

Bibliographic source:

J-check

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/ Developmental Toxicity Screening Test was performed for the test chemical to evaluate its toxicity potential

GLP compliance:

not specified

Limit test:

no

Justification for study design:

not specified

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Tetrabutylammonium bromide

EC Number:

216-699-2

EC Name:

Tetrabutylammonium bromide

Cas Number:

1643-19-2

Molecular formula:

C16H36N.Br

IUPAC Name:

N,N,N-tributylbutan-1-aminium bromide

Test material form:

solid

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report):Tetrabutylammonium bromide
- Molecular formula : C16H36N.Br
- Molecular weight :322.37 g/mol
- Substance type:Organic
- Physical state:White Solid (Crystals)
- Analytical purity:99.9%
- Lot/batch No.:Lot 1/02
- Storage condition of test material:Stored in cool, dry place. Kept in closed container when not in use.
- Other: Handling and Disposal
Safety precautions: Avoided eye and skin contact. Avoided inhalation and spilling. Aprons, caps, mask, gloves and goggles were used to ensure the health and safety of the personnel.

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Details on test animal
TEST ANIMALS- Source: IGS, Japan Chiyarusu-Lipa Inc., Atsugi breeding center.
- Age at study initiation: (P) x wks; (F1) x wks : Parent : 10 weeks old
- Weight at study initiation:
(P) Males: x-x g; Females: x-x g;
(F1) Males: x-x g; Females: x-x g :
Parent : Male 389 to 452 g Female 219 to 266 g
- Fasting period before study: No data available
- Housing: Animals were housed one per by sex in a metal net cage, during the mating period two per sex per cage will mother were housed individually in plastic Ekonkeji you turn on the (white flakes Japan Chiyarusu River Co., Ltd.)
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): solid feed (NMF, Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.), ad libitum.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Drinking water (NMF, Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.), ad libitum.
- Acclimation period: 19 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 23 ± 3 ℃
- Humidity (%): 50 ± 20 %
- Air changes (per hr): 10-15 times per hour ventilation.
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours dark / 12 hours light

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Type of inhalation exposure (if applicable):

not specified

Vehicle:

water

Remarks:

Purified water

Details on exposure:

Details on exposure
PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
Test material dissolved in Water for injection
DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency):No data available
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food)
- Storage temperature of food: No data available
VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): corn oil
- Concentration in vehicle:0, 60, 180, 600 mg/kg/day, Recovery 0, 600 mg/kg/day (R600)

- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): No data available

- Lot/batch no. (if required): No data available
- Purity: No data available

Details on mating procedure:

- M/F ratio per cage: 1:1 ratio
- Length of cohabitation: Overnight
- Proof of pregnancy: [vaginal plug / sperm in vaginal smear] referred to as [day 0 / day 1] of pregnancyConfirmed the sperm in the pupil plaque or during Hitomi plug formation considered as day 0 of pregnancy.
- After … days of unsuccessful pairing replacement of first male by another male with proven fertility. No data available
- Further mating after two unsuccessful attempts: [no / yes (explain)] No data available- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged (how): Individually
- Any other deviations from standard protocol: No data available

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

not specified

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Male : 42days
Female : 41 - 53 days (from 14 days before mating to day 4 of lactation)

Frequency of treatment:

Daily

Details on study schedule:

Details on study schedule:
- F1 parental animals not mated until [...] weeks after selected from the F1 litters.: No data available
- Selection of parents from F1 generation when pups were [...] days of age.: No data available
- Age at mating of the mated animals in the study: [...] weeks : No data available

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations: 0, 60, 180 or 600 mg/kg/dayBasis:actual ingested

No. of animals per sex per dose:

Total:116
Test group
0 mg/kg bw/day:12 male and 12 female
60mg/kg bw/day:12 male and 12 female
180mg/kg bw/day:12 male and 12 female
600mg/kg bw/day:12 male and 12 female
Recovery group
0 mg/kg bw/day:5 male and 5 female
0 mg/kg bw/day:5male and 5 female

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

Dose selection rationale:
14-day repeated oral dose toxicity study using rats for the test chemical (dose setting test)" was carried out earlier dose (dose: 100,300,1000 mg / kg). 1 rat died on the 14th administration in male 1000 mg / kg dose group, in a general state of deaths loose stools (reddish brown), body weight and food consumption was incresed in 300 mg/kg, liver weight was observed high, low value of the ALP, high total protein, expansion of the cecum at autopsy in male and female were observed at 1000 mg/kg daoe gruop. Therefore, the dose level of 0, 60, 180 and 600 mg/kg/bw/day was chosen in the current study.
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): Animals were randomized by body weight.
- Rationale for selecting satellite groups: 5 female as satellite group.
- Post-exposure recovery period in satellite groups: No data available
- Section schedule rationale (if not random): No data available

Positive control:

No data available

Examinations

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:

Observations and examinations performed & frequency
CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
Attitude, fistula attack, abnormal behaviour were observed.

- Time schedule: Once, once a week (but 1,7,14 and 20 days of gestation, mating confirmation female animals nursing the 4th calving animals) were observed.

- Cage side observations checked in table [No.?] were included: On 1,7,14 and 20 days of gestation, mating confirmation female animals nursing the 4th calving animals were observed.

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
Pupil diameter, abnormal breathing, the state of the fur-skin, secretions of the eyes, nose, exophthalmos,flair closed state, the visible mucous membranes, autonomic function and urination were observed.

- Time schedule: 3 times daily

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
Throughout the recovery period and the period of administration.

- Time schedule for examinations:
At a frequency of twice a week, check mating female animals were weighed on the 4th and lactation, as well as 0 and 20 days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 17 pregnancy.

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study): No data available

- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: No data available

- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No data available

FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No data available

WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): No data available

- Time schedule for examinations: No data available

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: Yes
Pupil diameter and secretions of the eyes were observed.

- Time schedule for examinations: Daily

- Dose groups that were examined: 0, 60, 180 and 600 mg/kg body weight/day

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes

- Time schedule for collection of blood:
Before autopsy.

- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes

- Animals fasted: Yes
On day 43, overnight (16-20 hours) fasted.
- How many animals: each 5 per sex per group

- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined. : RBC, Hb, Ht, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Reticulocyte, Platelet, PT, APTT, Fibrinogen, WBC and differential leucocytes were examined.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes / No / No data
- Time schedule for collection of blood:
- Animals fasted: Yes / No / No data
- How many animals:
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined.

URINALYSIS: Yes
Urinalysis of male rat were observed on administration of Tetrabutylammonium bromide and the last week of recovery, urine collected from 5 animals in each group and observed the color, pH, protein, ketone bodies, glucose, occult blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen and urine volume.

- Time schedule for collection of urine: Daily 20 hour.

- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: No data available

- Animals fasted: Yes
For 4 hours

- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined.:
Color, pH, protein, ketone bodies, glucose, occult blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen and urine volume were checked.

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No data available

- Time schedule for examinations: No data available

- Dose groups that were examined: n No data available

- Battery of functions tested: sensory activity / grip strength / motor activity / other:
Grip strength: Grip strength measurement of hindlimb and forelimb were tested.

Spontaneous momentum: Spontaneous movement sensor was counting the momentum of 60 minutes and 10 minute intervals.

OTHER: Auditory response, approaching response, contact reaction, pain reaction, anti-morphism air righting reflex, landing leg width was observed.

Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):

Any irregularities in the estrous cycle were investigated.

Sperm parameters (parental animals):

No data available

Litter observations:

STANDARDISATION OF LITTERS
- Performed on day 4 postpartum: [yes/no]
- If yes, maximum of [...] pups/litter ([...]/sex/litter as nearly as possible); excess pups were killed and discarded.

PARAMETERS EXAMINED
The following parameters were examined in [F1 / F2 / F3] offspring:
[number and sex of pups, stillbirths, live births, postnatal mortality, presence of gross anomalies, weight gain, physical or behavioural abnormalities, anogenital distance (AGD), pup weight on the day of AGD, presence of nipples/areolae in male pups, other. Particular attention should be paid to the external reproductive genitals which should be examined for signs of altered development; gross evaluation of external genitalia] : Litter were observed for survival rate, external abnormalities, body weight, number of live pups and sex ratio

GROSS EXAMINATION OF DEAD PUPS:
[no / yes, for external and internal abnormalities; possible cause of death was/was not determined for pups born or found dead]

ASSESSMENT OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY:

ASSESSMENT OF DEVELOPMENTAL IMMUNOTOXICITY:

Postmortem examinations (parental animals):

Sacrifice and pathology
GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
Change attributed in intestinal tracts of male and female of 180 and 600 mg/kg/bw/day group and in liver of male and female of 600 mg/kg/bw/day group.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
Diffuse hyperplasis in mucosa in cecum,which thought to be related to the macroscopic dilation in lunina of cecum, in the rectum, the debris in crypt were observed in female of 600 mg/kg/bw/day group.

In recovery group of 600 mg/kg/bw/day cell infertilation in mucosa were observed cecum,colon and rectum. In the liver , hypertropy of preiobular hepatocyte were observed.

Postmortem examinations (offspring):

GROSS NECROPSY
- Gross necropsy consisted of [external and internal examinations including the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera.]: External observation and necropsy.

Statistics:

Statistical analysis was carried out by using x 2 test with continuity correction of Yeates, expected frequency was observed cell of 5 or less, by the direct probability calculation method of Fisher test (significance level for the 4th). Dunnett type test (mean rank test method) (significance level 0,06 ) performed for homogeneity of variance of each group and Bartlett method firstly test was applied. (significance level 0.01, both sides)

Reproductive indices:

Copulation index, Fertility index, Gestation index, Delivery index and Live birth index.

Offspring viability indices:

Viability (survival rate) on Day 4 after birth was recorded.

Results and discussion

Results: P0 (first parental generation)

General toxicity (P0)

Clinical signs:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

In 1 male (600 mg/kg group, dead animal) Fracture of incisor, soft stool and decrease in the amount of feces was observed. While in 1 female Staining of lower abdominal fur, staggering gait ((600 mg/kg group ,dead animal)

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not specified

Mortality:

mortality observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence):

Deaths occurred in 1 male and 1 pregnant female in the 600 mg/kg group.

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

In the 600 mg/kg group, males showed suppressed body weight gain and females showed tendencies toward high values in body weight and food consumption during the administration period. A high value in food consumption was also observed in females in the 180 mg/kg group. Males in the 600 mg/kg group also showed a low value in body weight during the recovery period. However, since the body weight gain in this group during the recovery period was comparable to that of the control group, they were thought to have recovery.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not specified

Food efficiency:

not specified

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

not specified

Haematological findings:

not specified

Clinical biochemistry findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

In blood chemistry examination, males in the 600 mg/kg group showed a high value in AST and a low value in blood urea nitrogen and females showed high values in AST and LDH and low values in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. The females in the 600 mg/kg group showed a high value in calcium as well. These changes were not observed after the end of the recovery period showing reversibility of the changes.

Urinalysis findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

some males in the 600 mg/kg group showed red urine sporadically and light brown urine was observed at urinalysis, but red urine was a transient change.

Behaviour (functional findings):

not specified

Immunological findings:

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not specified

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

not specified

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not specified

Other effects:

not specified

Reproductive function / performance (P0)

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

In the 600 mg/kg group, the number of females that showed abnormalities in estrous cycle tended to be high,

Reproductive function: sperm measures:

not specified

Reproductive performance:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

In parent animals in the 60 and 180 mg/kg groups, there were no test article-related changes in the number of days until copulation, copulation index, insemination index or fertility index. There
were no test article-related changes in the delivery index, length of gestation period, number of
corporalutea, number of implantation sites, implantation index, number of live born pups or sex ratio, and there were no test article-related changes in parturition condition or lactation observations.

In the 600 mg/kg group, the number of females that showed abnormalities in estrous cycle tended to be high, the number of days until copulation tended to be low, copulation index, insemination index or fertility index tended to be low values, a high value in stillborn index, and low values in viability of pups (day 0 and day 4 of lactation)

Details on results (P0)

Results of examination: Parental Clinical signs and Mortality:Deaths occurred in 1 male and 1 pregnant female when treated with 600 mg/kg/day. Clinical signs: Before death, the male showed fractures of incisors, soft stool and a decreased in the amount of feces produced. The female showed staining of lower abdominal fur and staggering gait before death.
Body weight and food consumption:
Body weight: When treated with 600 mg/kg/day, the males showed suppressed body weight gain while females showed a tendency toward high values in body weight during the administration period. In comparison to control, males in the 600 mg/kg/day group showed a low value in body weight during the recovery period.
Food consumption: Females showed a tendency toward high values in food consumption during the administration period. A high value in food consumption was also observed in females treated with 180 mg/kg/day.
Test substance intake: No data available
Reproductive function-
Estrous cycle: Treatment with 600 mg/kg/day in females resulted in abnormalities in estrous cycle, which tended to be high. In addition, the number of days until copulations, copulation index, insemination index or fertility index tended to be low.
Reproductive function-
Reproductive performanceThe 600 mg/kg/day group showed high value in the stillborn index.
Organ weights: In males treated with 600 mg/kg/day, the absolute organ weight was decreased for thymus, heart, kidneys and epididymis. In females treated with 600 mg/kg/day, the absolute organ weight was decreased for brain and thymus, while the organ weight for thyroids, heart, liver, spleen and kidneys increased.
Gross pathology: Change attributed in intestinal tracts of male and female of 180 or 600 mg/kg/day groups and in liver of male and female of the 600 mg/kg/day group. Dilatation in lumina of the cecum was also observed.
Histopathology: Diffuse hyperplasia in mucosa in the cecum was observed. In rectum, cell debris in crypt was observed in females. In the recovery group, these changes were no longer observed. However in the recovery group, cell infiltration in mucosa was observed in cecum, colon and rectum. In the liver, hypertrophy of perilobular hepatocytes was observed. other findingsHematologyMales treated with 600 mg/kg/day showed a slight decrease in platelets. Similar effects were observed during the recovery period.An increased level of fibrinogen was also seen in the same animals, i.e. the 600 mg/kg/day-treated males and males from the recovery period. Males in recovery period also showed decreased levels of lymphocyte and eosinophils while the level of neutrophils and monocytes were increased.Females treated with 600 mg/kg/day showed a slight increase in RBC and a slight decrease in platelets. These effects were not observed during the recovery period.In addition, a decreased level of fibrinogen was also seen in the same animals, i.e. the 600 mg/kg/day-treated females. Females in recovery period showed decreased levels of lymphocytes and increased levels of monocytes.
Clinical chemistry: When treated with 600 mg/kg/day, males showed a high value in AST and a low value in blood urea nitrogen, while females showed high values in AST and LDH and low values in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. During treatment high values of calcium was also observed in these females, however, the high levels of calcium was not detected after the recovery period. UrinanalysisIn male rat treated with 600 mg/kg/day showed red urine sporadically and light brown urine were observed.

Effect levels (P0)

1

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

180 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: Effects on body weight, survival rate, organ weight, hematology, urinalysis and histopathology.

Remarks on result:

other: No toxic effetcs were observed

2

Dose descriptor:

LOAEL

Effect level:

600 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

female

Basis for effect level:

reproductive function (oestrous cycle)

reproductive performance

Remarks on result:

other: effects observed on reproductive performance

Target system / organ toxicity (P0)

Critical effects observed:

not specified

System:

other: not specified

Results: F1 generation

General toxicity (F1)

Clinical signs:

not specified

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not specified

Mortality / viability:

mortality observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Low value of survival were observed in pups with parent from the 600 mg/kg/day group.

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

In the 600 mg/kg group, low values in the body weight of males and females at the time of birth and on day 4 after birth, and male and female pups showed a low value in the body weight gain during the lactation period.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not specified

Food efficiency:

not specified

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

not specified

Haematological findings:

not specified

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not specified

Urinalysis findings:

not specified

Sexual maturation:

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not specified

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

In the examination of newborn pups, there were no test article-related changes in external observation or necropsy on day 4 after birth

Histopathological findings:

not specified

Other effects:

not specified

Developmental neurotoxicity (F1)

Behaviour (functional findings):

not specified

Developmental immunotoxicity (F1)

Developmental immunotoxicity:

not specified

Details on results (F1)

Results of examination of Offspring:
Clinical signs: No data available
Body weight and food consumption-
Body weight: Male and female pups showed a low value in the body weight gain during the lactation period.
Food consumption No data available
Test substance intake: No data available
Reproductive function- e
Estrous cycle: No data available
Reproductive function-
Sperm measures: Reproductive performance: Low value of survival were observed in pups with parent from the 600 mg/kg/day group.
Organ weights: No data available
Gross pathology: No data available
Histopathology: No data available

Effect levels (F1)

1

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Generation:

F1

Effect level:

180 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

gross pathology

other: Effects on body weight and survival rate.

Remarks on result:

other: No toxic effects were observed

2

Dose descriptor:

LOAEL

Generation:

F1

Effect level:

600 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

viability

Remarks on result:

other: Low value of survival were observed in pups with parent from the 600 mg/kg/day group.

Target system / organ toxicity (F1)

Critical effects observed:

not specified

System:

other: not specified

Organ:

not specified

Overall reproductive toxicity

Reproductive effects observed:

not specified

Treatment related:

not specified

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

NOAEL was considered to be 180 mg/kg/day in both the Parental and F1 generation when rats were exposed to the test chemical.

Executive summary:

Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/ Developmental Toxicity Screening Test was performed for the test chemical to evaluate its toxicity potential .The male and female Crl:CD (SD)rats were treated with test chemical in dose concentrations of 0, 60, 180, 600 mg/kg/day, Recovery 0, 600 mg/kg/day (R600) in Water for injection by oral gavage route for 42 days in male and 53 days (from 14 days before mating to day 4 of lactation) in female.12 animals /sex / dose group were used in test group and 5 animals /sex / dose in the recovery group. All the animals were observed for clinical signs, toxicity and body weight and food consumption. The male sacrificed on day 43 while female sacrificed on day 5 of lactation. Organ weight, gross pathological examination, histopathlogical examination, haematological examination was performed. Reproductive parameter like to the copulation index, gestation length, delivery conditions, nursing conditions, fertility index, and number of corpora lutea, implantation rate, or gestation index were noted. Deaths occurred in 1 male and 1 pregnant female in the 600 mg/kg group.In 1 male (600 mg/kg group ,dead animal)Fracture of incisor, soft stool and decrease in the amount of feces was observed. While in 1 female Staining of lower abdominal fur, staggering gait ((600 mg/kg group ,dead animal).In the 600 mg/kg group, males showed suppressed body weight gain and females showed tendencies toward high values in body weight and food consumption during the administration period. A high value in food consumption was also observed in females in the 180 mg/kg group. Males in the 600 mg/kg group also showed a low value in body weight during the recovery period. However, since the body weight gain in this group during the recovery period was comparable to that of the control group, they were thought to have recovery.In blood chemistry examination, males in the 600 mg/kg group showed a high value in AST and a low value in blood urea nitrogen and females showed high values in AST and LDH and low values in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. The females in the 600 mg/kg group showed a high value in calcium as well. These changes were not observed after the end of the recovery period showing reversibility of the changes.Some males in the 600 mg/kg group showed red urine sporadically and lightbrown urine was observed at urinalysis, but it was considered as a transient change.Macroscopically, dilatation in lumina of the cecum was observed. Histopathologically, diffuse hyperplasia in mucosa in the cecum, which was thought to be related to the macroscopic dilatation in lumina of the cecum, was observed. In the rectum, cell debris in crypt was observed in females. In the recovery group, the above changes were no longer observed and thus recovery from these changes was indicated In the recovery group, cell infiltration in mucosa was observed in the cecum, colon and rectum. In the liver, hypertrophy of perilobular hepatocytes was observed. In parent animals in the 60 and 180 mg/kg groups, there were no test chemical-related changes in the number of days until copulation, copulation index, insemination index or fertility index. There were no test chemical-related changes in the delivery index, length of gestation period, number ofcorpora lutea, number of implantation sites, implantation index, number of live born pups or sex ratio, and there were no test chemical-related changes in parturition condition or lactation observations. In the 600 mg/kg group, the number of females that showed abnormalities in estrouscycle tended to be high, the number of days until copulation tended to be low, copulation index, insemination index or fertility index tended to be low values, a high value in stillborn index, and low values in viability of pups (day 0 and day 4 of lactation) .In the examination of new born pups, there were no test article-related changes in external observation or necropsy on day 4 after birth.In the 600 mg/kg group, low values in the body weight of males and females at the time of birth and on day 4 after birth, and male and female pups showed a low value in the body weight gain during the lactation period. Hence, the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was considered to be 180mg/kg/day, on the bases of reproductive parameter and developmental effects.When male and femalerats were treated with test material orally.